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Open Access
A targeted sequencing reveal overlapping pattern of genetic variants in patients with cardiomyopathy with cardiac arrhythmias in Kazakhstan
(2016-05) Akilzhanova, A.; Guelly, Ch.; Abilova, Zh.; Rakhimova, S.; Akhmetova, A.; Kairov, U.; Nuralinov, O.; Rashbayeva, G.; Trajanoski, S.; Zhumadilov, Zh.; Bebosynova, M.
Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a common symptom in cardiac disorders of different etiology. Abnormalities of ion channels are attributed to mutations in the genes encoding the channel protein and cause altered function of channels, which can predispose to arrhythmias. Due to the high incidence of cardiovascular disorders in Kazakhstan, we enrolled a study cohort of 95 patients of different clinical phenotypes of cardiomyopathies, including DCM, idiopathic VT but also patients with myocardial infarction as a consequence of coronary heart disease. The common denominator among the three main groups was the occurrence of severe episodes of VT in all patients. Using targeted resequencing, we investigated 96 cardiomyopathy associated candidate-genes in this cohort with the aim to detect rare and common variations in these genes associated with VT molecular basis
Open Access
Adiponectin plasma levels in patients with age-related dementia
(2016-05) Kaiyrlykyzy, A.; Umbayev, B.; Masoud, A.; Shramko, A.; Idrissova, D.; Zhussupova, A.; Alzhanova, D.; Alimbetov, D.; Askarova, S.
Adiponectin play a significant role in the regulation of type 2 diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and neurodegenerative disorders. Evidence suggests that adiponectin may be an independent risk factor for all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the level of adiponectin in plasma reflects its level in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Studies demonstrated that elevated adiponectin level in blood was associated with an increased risk of dementia and AD in women and indicates that the sex dimorphism with regard to adiponectin levels association with Alzheimer's disease was clearly observed
Open Access
Adipose-derived perivascular stem cell as a source for cell therapy
(2016-05) Ogay, V.
Perivascular stem cells (PSCs) have been isolated from several organs and tissues, including adipose tissue. They have unique features resembling both pericytes and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). PSCs as MSCs are capable to multilineage differentiation into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, as well as to produce angiogenic and neurotrophic factors, indicating their regenerative and neuroprotective properties. It was recently shown that PSCs play an important role in repairing of the nervous tissue during cerebral ischemia, as they can differentiate into neurons, endothelial and glial cells in the hippocampal subgranular zone. In this connection, recently PSCs have been considered as a potential alternative to MSCs for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Here we review the recent literature and own data on PSCs, discuss their unique features, regenerative potential and possible applications in cell therapy and tissue engineering.
Open Access
Alterations of oncogenes expression in human NK cells in cancer patients
(2016-05) Amirbekov, A.; Eraliyeva, L.; Zakiryanova, G.
C-kit/SCF signaling play a key role in regulating NK cell homeostasis, maturation, proliferation and cytotoxicity. C-kit-deficiency in NK results in significant reduction of their, suggesting imperative role fore-kit signaling in NKcell immunobiology. We have recently showed that human NK cells express not only c-kit-receptor, but also both membrane-bound and soluble forms of c-kit ligand - Stem cell factor. The goal of this study was to characterize the c-kit/SCF autocrine loop in peripheral blood NK cells obtained from patients with cancer.
Open Access
Anticancer effects of leech extract on breast cancer cells
(2016-05) Murzakhmetova, S.; Janzakova, D.; Mektepbayeva, D.
Throughout the history of humanity, leech therapy appeared as a procedure in medicine all over the world. The very first use of leech in human treatment was mentioned in Eqypt 3500 years ago. In 2004, Food and Drug Administration approved leeches as medical devices and, nowadays, leeches are used in treatment of diseases, such as hypertension, varicose ulcer, thrombophlebitis and musculoskeletal diseases. In this experiment we are trying to see whether the leech saliva extract (LSE) has anti-cancer effects on MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Several studies were conducted previously that have shown positive effects of LSE on cancer cells. Warfarin and heparin from the extract are found to have antimetastatic effect. Experiments on lung tumor cells also indicated inhibitory effect of LSE.
Open Access
Antioxidant properties of grape polyphenol concentrate from Kazakhstan region
(2016-05) Yermekbayeva, B.; Shulgau, Z.; Sergazy, Sh.; Kabdullina, A.; Khassenbekova, Zh.; Tritek, V.; Abuova, G.; Zhaugasheva, S.; Gulyayev, A.; Nurgozhin, T.
It is believed that the antioxidant effects are widespread among plant polyphenols. Antioxidant effect is associated with main biological activities of polyphenols. Objective. To describe the antioxidant effect of grape polyphenol concentrate from Kazakhstan selection in vivo on models of pathologies with overproduction of free radicals.
Open Access
Apolipoprotein E genetic variation and statin therapy appointment
(2016-05) Kassenova, A.; Kossumov, A.; Nurgozhin, T.; Supiyev, A.
Dyslipidemia is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease due to the significant influence of cholesterol on atherosclerosis. Several genetic variants in genes related with triglyceride (TG) metabolism has been described, including LPL, apolipoprotein A5 and apolipoprotein E (Apo E) are associated with dyslipidemia by involvement to lipid metabolism. The combined analysis of these polymorphisms could produce clinically meaningful complementary information. Changes in TG levels are now considered an independent cardiovascular risk factor; hence, the study of combined variants in genes involved in TG metabolism may help explain part of the risk for CVD. The most informative polymorphisms within the Apo E gene are the Arg158Cys (rs7412) and Cys112Arg (rs429358) which define Apo E gene alleles, epsilon2, 3 and 4 (£2, £3 and £4).
Open Access
Assesing the cytokine content of human platelet-rich plasma
(2016-05) Masoud, A.; Umbayev, B.; Olzhayev, F.; Idrissova, D.; Shramko, A.; Kaiyrlykyzy, A.; Askarova, Sh.
Human platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is plasma that is enriched with thrombocytes at a concentration of 1000 * 109 per litre, higher than normal (150 - 350 * 109 per litre). Thrombocytes are known to contain growth factors including IGF, PDGF, EGF, FGF, TGF-li, PDEGF, VEGF or PDAF as well as thrombospondin and osteonectin. The release of these growth factors is induced by thrombocyte activation resulting from their exposure to a variety of substances such as thrombin, Calciom chloride or collagen. Growth factors are found in higher concentrations in PRP than in blood, and could be used to facilitate wound healing at a faster rate. Currently, PRP is employed in dentistry, dermatology, traumatology and orthopedics. In developed countries, PRP is also actively used in treating acute and chronic skin lesions. Though commercial devices for clinical preparation of autologous PRP are available, standardized PRP-preparation protocols are yet to be developed. Furthermore, only a handful of research work is aimed at optimizing methods of obtaining platelet-rich plasma. Therefore, two different modifications of the Araki et al method, the most standardized of all available methods, were used to prepare high cytokine-containing platelet-rich plasma.
Open Access
Assessment of nutritional status of elderly and senile age people
(2016-05) Doszhanova, G.N.; Abduldayeva, A.A.; Dalenov, E.D.
Introduction: A healthy nutrition is a predictor of active longevity, contributing to improve the life span and quality of life. Objective: To evaluate the nutritional status of elderly people living in Astana, depending on the sex and age of the respondents. Methods: The study involved 354 people between ages 60-89 years. For studying the actual nutrition a 24 hours method of food reproduction was used. All data were processed using a computer program developed by Kazakh academy of nutrition in 2008, based on the WHO program.
Open Access
Astroprotective potential of extract from limonium gmelinii for stroke therapy
(2016-05) Shayakhmetov, Y.; Tsoy, A.; Zhussupova, G.; Askarova, Sh.
It's known that proinflammatory cytokines, such asTNF-a, produced by injured neurons and infiltrated leukocytes, involved in every aspect of stroke. Cytokines promote activation of astroglia, induce oxidative stress thereby exacerbating brain tissue damage. There is a number of data indicating that polyphenols can provide protection against neurodegenerative changes. It has been reported previously, that reach with polyphenols extract of Limonium gmelinii exerts a wide range of therapeutic actions. Here, we aimed to study antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential of L. gmelinii under exposure of TNF-a in vitro.
Open Access
Bio-medical applications of ultrasound
(2016-05) Saliev, T.
Despite of the classical perception of an ultrasound as a diagnostic modality, it possesses a great potential for therapeutic applications. In the range of experimental studies it has been shown that the ultrasound is capable to trigger biological effects including direct cell lysis, apoptosis and drug delivery. All those effects have a potential to be harnessed for therapeutic purposes such as cancer treatment. For an example, the induction of apoptosis with ultrasound provides a unique opportunity to eliminate tumour tissues in safe and non-contact mode. Currently, few companies (USA, EU and Japan) offer ultrasound systems capable to directly destroy cancer tissue via ablation. The main trends of therapeutic applications of ultrasound will be highlighted in the presentation.
Open Access
Biomechanical properties of collagens studied by brillouin light scattering spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy
(2016-05) Akilbekova, D.; Alimzhanov, D.; Utegulov, Zh.
Collagen is the most abundant protein in the human body and the main component of highly organized tissue structures. Its fibrillar structure is responsible for biomechanical anisotropies in the tissues and their exceptional elastic properties. In the present work we use Brillouin light scattering (BLS) spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) for probing elastic properties of collagen fibers harvested from different tissues. While BLS spectroscopy is non-invasive and label-free modality for probing mechanical properties of fibrous tissues that can give information on structure-function properties of normal and pathological tissues on micrometer scale, AFM provides elastic property information in contact manner on nanometer scale
Open Access
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neuronal repair and mental health
(2016-05) Gard, P. R.
Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) is initially synthesized as a 247 amino acid preproBDNF which is cleaved to form a 228 a.a. pro-BDNF and finally 119 a.a. mature BDNF (14 kDa). BDNF is expressed in fibroblasts, astrocytes, neurons, megakaryocytes, Schwann cells, and smooth muscle cells where, acting via its tyrosine kinase receptor TrkB, it is involved in neuronal differentiation and maturation, synapse formation, neuroprotection and neuronal repair.
Open Access
c-Met signaling as a promise of targeted therapy in glioblastoma tumor
(2016-05) Xie, Y.; Istayeva, Sh.; Tokay, T.; Zhumadilov, Zh.; Chen, Zh.
Open Access
Cancer cells response on the microtubuler-inhibiting drugs
(2016-05) Balabiyev, A.; Kakpenova, A.; Kauanova, S.; Vorobjev, I.A.
Cancer is one of the age-related diseases with detrimental impact on people survival. Improvement of cancer therapies is a major focus of many scientists around the world. Anticancer drugs based on the microtubules inhibition are successfully used to treat widerange of cancers. Anti-microtubules drugs directly bind to colchicine, vinca and taxol binding sites on beta-tubulin, resulting in the impairment of spindle formation, vesicle transport, cell structure and migration. One of the modes of action anti-tubulin drugs is through causing faults in mitotic spindle function, which lead to the prolonged mitotic block and consequently to cell death. Although, drugs' high toxicity and development of resistance in patients lead to the idea of revisiting the dosage and combination therapies of anti-tubulin drugs, some sources reported that cell migration is more sensitive to microtubule inhibiting drugs than to cell proliferation in endothelial cells. Previously, we reported observations on NIH/3T3 (normal fibroblasts) cell proliferative activity, cell migration and direct test of microtubule dynamics. Thus, we aimed to identify effect of microtubule inhibitors on cancer cell lines. In addition, we compare normal cell lines with human cancer cell lines such as A549 (lung carcinoma), HT1080 (fibrosarcoma) and U118 (glioma).
Open Access
Cравнительная оценка использования биологических протезов изготовленных из различного биологического материала при коррекции пороков аортального клапана у пациентов старше 70 лет
(National Laboratory Astana, Назарбаев Университет 2016, 2016-05-11) Федоров, С.А.; Журко, С.А.; Олжаев, Ф.С.; Чигинев, В .А.; Гамзаев, А.Б.
Сенильный стеноз аортального клапана - достаточно распространенная патология. В индустриально развитых странах поражение аортального клапана (АК) занимает 3 место, уступая лишь ХИБС и АГ. Для коррекции порока у данной группы пациентов используются различные модели биологических протезов (БП). Наибольшее распространение получили ксеноаортальные комплексы (КСА - БП) и ксеноперикардиальные (КСП - БП). КСА - БП представляет из себя свиной клапан, обработанный глютаральдегидом под давлением менее 2 мм рт.ст. КСП - БП имеет 3 отдельные, рассчитанные компьютером створки, фиксированные к эластичному каркасу из нитинола и обработанные химическими веществами класса эпоксисоединений.
Open Access
Cравнительный анализ травматизма вследствие падения среди лиц трудоспособного и пожилого возраста по данным городской больницы №1 г. Павлодара
(National Laboratory Astana, Назарбаев Университет 2016, 2016-05-11) Акильжанов, К.Р.
Провести сравнительный анализ структуры травмы, тяжести и смертности пожилых людей, госпитализированных для лечения травм в результате падения в сравнении с травмами лиц трудоспособного возраста.
Open Access
D-serine improves learning and memory in epileptic animals
(2016-05) Tokay, T.; Mueller, L.; Xie, Y.; Kirschstein, T.; Beck, H.; Koehling, R.
The N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) is critical for the induction of synaptic plasticity and is essential for many forms of learning and memory. Activation of NMDAR by glutamate requires the presence of D-Serine, which is an endogenous physiological coagonist of the receptor and plays an important role in glutamate mediated NMDAR-dependent synaptic plasticity in the brain. However, the role of D-serine in synaptic plasticity and learning in chronic epilepsy is not known.
Open Access
Deep brain stimulation for neurodegenerative diseases
(2016-05) Shashkinl, Ch.; Akshulakovl, S.; Makhambetovl, Y.; Shpekovl, A.; Dzhamantaeval, B.; Akhmetzhanovl, V.
Neurodegenerative diseases (ND) with movement and cognitive disorders are very complicated diseases to treat. Sometimes medical treatment is not successful or results in unpleasant complications. Nowadays neurosurgical treatment as deep brain stimulation (DBS) became possible in clinical medicine. http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/1514
Open Access
Development of a new method of surgical treatment of patellofemoral pain syndrome
(2016-05) Akilzhanov, K.
Patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFBS) - one of the most frequent symptom in orthopedic practice. According to available statistics, from 18% to 33% of all calls to the Orthopaedic Trauma and sports doctors about the pathology of the knee associated with this syndrome. Creation of modern methods of complex operational and functional-restorative treatment of patients suffering from pathological changes patella-femoral joint, has great scientific and practical importance. Therefore, the development and improvement of the most effective and pathogenetically justified treatment technologies using innovative surgical techniques for injuries and diseases of the knee joint in a complex improvement of trauma care determines the relevance of our research.