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Recent Submissions

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Multicompartmental analysis of microbiome alterations under radiation stress
(Nazarbayev University, 2026-05-05) Hoshi M.; Fujimoto N.; Endo S.; Sato H.; Petukhov A.; Bogacheva V.; Stepanenko V.; Zhumadilov K.; Kenessarin M.; Mukhametuly B.; Kassenova A.; Kossumov A.; Issilbayeva A.; Jarmukhanov Z.; Sergazy S.; Vinogradova E.; Zhetkenev S.; Mukhanbetzhanov N.
Radioactive compounds, including silicon dioxide (31SiO2), may enter the environment and affect biological systems, yet their impact on the gut microbiota remains poorly studied. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of radioactive 31SiO2, compared to non-radioactive SiO2 and gamma irradiation, on the composition and functionality of the gut microbiota in laboratory Wistar rats (n = 28). Gut microbiota analysis of the large intestine, small intestine, and Peyer’s patches was conducted at 90 min and 72 h post-exposure using 16S rRNA sequencing. Alpha-diversity results showed increased species richness in Peyer’s patches at 90 min after exposure to radioactive 31SiO2, with elevated Bacilli and Gammaproteobacteria, a trend persisting at 72 h. In the small intestine, radioactive 31SiO2 increased Bacilli and Clostridia at 3 days, while Gammaproteobacteria considerably decreased; by 72 h, Bacilli and Clostridia maintained growth, with Gammaproteobacteria recovering. These findings demonstrate that radioactive 31SiO2 dynamically alters gut microbiota composition and diversity, highlighting its unique influence on microbial communities. © The Author(s) 2026.
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ZnO/WO3 composite for efficient photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue dye under solar light
(Nazarbayev University, 2026-05-05) Atabaev T. Sh.; Kaikanov M.; Atabaev S.; Kutzhanova K.; Seiilbek A.; Rustembekkyzy K.; Kanafin Y. N.
In this study, a ZnO/WO3 composite structure has been formed using a hydrothermal approach for the potential photocatalytic degradation of Methylene blue (MB) dye, one of the most frequent colorants found in textile wastewater. The main goal of the study was to investigate the impacts of ZnO content on the structural, morphological, and photocatalytic properties of the ZnO/WO3 composite structure. It was found that 5% ZnO/WO3 composite structure exhibited the highest photocatalytic efficiency under simulated solar light irradiation, achieving approximately 93.8% degradation of MB dye within 60 min (volume = 30 mL, catalyst mass = 3 mg, MB concentration = 5 ppm). The observed superior photocatalytic performance of the catalyst can be attributed to the optimal synergy between ZnO and WO3, which facilitated the improved light absorption and enhanced charge separation. It also highlights the potential of ZnO/WO3 composite structures for water treatment applications, offering an effective approach for the degradation of hazardous dye pollutants under solar light irradiation. © The Author(s) 2026.
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Global, regional, and national burden of Chagas disease, 1990–2023: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2023
(Nazarbayev University, 2026-05-05) Ribeiro A. L. P.; Mosser J. F.; Zheng J.; Zhang H.; Zeb J.; Zeariya M. G. M.; Zastrozhin M.; Zamora N.; Yon D. K.; Yahya G.; Yaghoubi S.; Wu S.; Wickramasinghe N. D.; Tovani-Palone M. R.; Tiwari K.; Szarpak L.; Swain C. K.; Singh S.; Singh P.; Siddig E. E.; Shorofi S. A.; Shittu A.; Sherchan S. P.; Shannawaz M.; Shamim M. A.; Shahid S.; Sarmiento-Suárez R.; Sarkar T.; Salami A. A.; Salam N.; Saheb Sharif-Askari N.; Saheb Sharif-Askari F.; Safari M.; Saeed U.; Sabet C. J.; Roy P.; Roever L.; Rodriguez J. A. B.; Rocha H. A. L.; Rasouli-Saravani A.; Ramasamy S. K.; Ramadan M. M.; Rahmani S.; Rahman M.; Rahim F.; Porntaveetus T.; Pineiro D. J.; Perez Chacon G.; Pereira A.; Peprah P.; Pawar S.; Passera R.; Pando-Robles V.; Ouyahia A.; Ortiz-Prado E.; Orish V. N.; Ordak M.; Okonji O. C.; Odetokun I. A.; Nugen F.; Niyonsenga J. M. V.; Nguyen V. T.; Natto Z. S.; Murray C. J. L.; Mubarik S.; Mubarak R.; Moni M. A.; Molina I.; Mokdad A. H.; Mestrovic T.; Meles H. N.; Mekene Meto T.; Martinez-Guerra B. A.; Manla Y.; Lim S. S.; Lee S. W.; Le T. T. T.; Le M. H. N.; Kytö V.; Kulimbet M.; KM S.; Khatab K.; Kanmodi K. K.; Joseph N.; Jalili M.; Jakovljevic M.; Ilic M. D.; Ilic I. M.; Ilesanmi O. S.; He J.; Hay S. I.; Hatam-Nahavandi K.; Hasaballah A. I.; Gupta H.; Ghimire S.; Gebregergis M. W.; Gautam R. K.; Fux B.; Franklin R. C.; Foroutan M.; Fagbamigbe A. F.; Elshaer M.; Elhadi M.; Ekundayo T. C.; Efendi F.; Ed-Dra A.; E'mar A. R.; Durojaiye O. C.; Dourado P. M. M.; Diaz D.; Devegowda D.; Darcho S. D.; Dai X.; Dadras O.; Cosma C.; Ching P. R.; Chaudhary A. A.; Chattu V. K.; Cenderadewi M.; Carvalho F.; Carneiro M.; Bustanji Y.; Briko N. I.; Boppana S. H.; Bhattacharjee P.; Bhaskar S.; Beloukas A.; Belayneh M.; Behjati J.; Bastan M.; Barqawi H. J.; Banach M.; Baltatu O. C.; Babu G. R.; Athari S. S.; Aremu A.; Aregawi B. B.; Areda D.; Aravkin A A. Y.; Arabloo J.; Arab J. P.; Anvari S.; Alvis-Zakzuk N. J.; Alshahrani N. Z.; Almazan J. U.; Ali S. S.; Al Awaidy S.; Akinosoglou K.; Ahmed A.; Ahmad S.; Afzal S.; Afzal M. S.; Adegboye O. A.; Abu-Gharbieh E.; Abramov D.; Abedi A.; Abdul Aziz J. M.; Abdel-Hameed R.; Abbasi M.; Geissbühler Y.; Perel P.; Demacq C.; Martins-Melo F. R.; Machado I. E.; Harris A. A.; Zimsen S. R. M.; Whisnant J. L.; Nascimento B. R.; Cousin E.
Background: Chagas disease is a neglected tropical disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi, primarily transmitted by infected bugs, but also through contaminated food, transfusions, congenital transmission, and organ transplantation. Chagas disease has acute and chronic phases; the chronic phase can occur decades after infection, leading to complications such as heart failure, arrhythmias, and megaviscera. Accurate mortality and morbidity estimates are hindered by under-reporting and misclassification. Comprehensive and updated estimates are needed to improve global assessments of Chagas disease burden. We aim to provide a comprehensive description of global and regional burden of Chagas disease and its trends from 1990 to 2023. Methods: In this systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2023, we produced estimates of Chagas disease deaths, years of life lost (YLLs), prevalence, incidence, years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2023 by age and sex. The GBD 2023 estimates supersede previous estimates for all years. For mortality estimates, we fit a cause of death ensemble model to vital registration data. For non-fatal estimates in endemic locations, we did a systematic review of seroprevalence data, defining a confirmed case as a confirmed diagnosis of T cruzi infection by two different positive tests (or a single ELISA or immunochromatographic test). After adjustment for the population at risk, we used a Bayesian compartmental model (DisMod-MR) to produce estimates. For non-endemic locations, we estimated prevalence on the basis of migration patterns and estimated prevalence from endemic countries. Prevalence of acute and chronic sequelae and corresponding disability weights were used to calculate YLDs. Findings: We estimated 10·5 million (95% uncertainty interval 9·4–11·7) Chagas disease prevalent cases in 2023 globally, a 16·1% (12·6–19·2) decrease compared with 1990. The global age-standardised Chagas disease prevalence rate declined by 55·0% (53·8–56·1) from 1990 to 2023, with rates decreasing across all endemic regions. The highest age-standardised Chagas disease prevalence rates in 2023 were in southern Latin America (2485·9 [2249·6–2707·7] per 100 000) and Andean Latin America (2313·8 [2093·7–2570·1] per 100 000). Non-endemic regions experienced notable increases in prevalence due to migration from endemic countries. The age distribution of cases shifted over time, peaking at older ages in 2023 (between age 45 years and 65 years) compared with 1990 (30–45 years). In 2023, there were 352 000 (308 000–398 000) new cases of Chagas disease globally, with the age-standardised rate decreasing by 55·1% (53·4–56·6) since 1990. There were 8420 (7480–9360) deaths globally in 2023. Age-standardised mortality decreased by 72·5% (68·9–75·4) globally from 1990 to 2023. In 2023, the highest age-standardised mortality rates were in tropical Latin America (2·2 [1·9–2·4] per 100 000) and Andean Latin America (0·92 [0·70–1·2] per 100 000). Interpretation: The GBD 2023 Chagas disease estimates are notably higher than previous GBD estimates, reflecting additional data and methodological improvements, and those published by the Pan American Health Organization. Nevertheless, these updated estimates show decreasing prevalence and incidence in endemic countries, highlighting the importance of socioeconomic development, housing conditions, and vector-control policies. Conversely, the increase in prevalence in non-endemic countries, mainly due to migration, requires new strategies for screening, early recognition, and access to care. Although the marked decrease in mortality and YLLs might be due to better access to care at different levels, the shift in age distribution highlights the importance of preparing and funding health systems for caring for older populations with advanced sequelae. Finally, the continuous refinement of data-source quality, including adequate coding and classification, is crucial for the accuracy of global estimates, which can ultimately drive health and social policies. Funding: The Gates Foundation, the World Heart Federation, and Novartis Pharma. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd
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Harnessing knowledge for innovation: The power of sharing and culture in modern organizations
(Nazarbayev University, 2026-05-05) Park S. Y.; Bokhari S. A. A.
This study addresses critical gaps in knowledge management research by examining how explicit and tacit knowledge sharing interact with organizational culture to drive innovation outcomes in Korean firms, a context where cultural dynamics remain underexplored. While prior studies have examined knowledge types independently, our research uniquely integrates the knowledge-based view with mediation-moderation analysis to reveal how: (1) knowledge sharing transforms individual knowledge into organizational innovation, and (2) organizational culture amplifies this process. Grounded in the knowledge-based view, we propose an integrated model where knowledge sharing mediates the tacit/explicit knowledge-innovation link, with culture as a moderator. Using PLS-SEM analysis of 476 responses from knowledge-intensive industries, this study found tacit knowledge exerted a stronger influence on innovation than explicit knowledge, with knowledge sharing mediating these relationships. Notably, organizational culture amplified the knowledge sharing-innovation link, revealing how collectivist norms enhance tacit knowledge transfer. The findings advance the field by: (a) empirically validating knowledge sharing as the missing link between knowledge types and innovation, and (b) providing culture-specific implementation frameworks for MNCs and SMEs. © 2026 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
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Assessment of wind energy potential using hybrid adaptive bandwidth kernel density technique: A case study of major cities in Kazakhstan
(Nazarbayev University, 2026-05-05) Do T. D.; Shehu M. A.; Talapiden K.; Shaltayev M.; Alhassan A. B.; Chau T. T.
To accurately assess the wind energy potential in Kazakhstan, this study proposes and validates an advanced wind speed distribution estimation method, Hybrid Adaptive-Bandwidth Kernel Density Estimation (HAKDE), for modeling wind speed probability distributions (WSPDs). This method is designed to overcome the limitations of traditional models in describing complex wind characteristics. HAKDE is a hybrid model that combines a curvature-based technique to represent the peak with k-nearest neighbors (k-NN) to stabilize the distribution's tail. This combination gives HAKDE high flexibility while ensuring a balance between detail and smoothness. Based on hourly wind data from NASA POWER across 16 cities, the proposed model is implemented and evaluated using goodness-of-fit tests (CvM, K–S, A–D, χ2) and a likelihood-based comparison. The results show that HAKDE is not rejected by any of these tests in all 16 cities. According to the log-likelihood comparison, HAKDE attains the highest mean log-likelihood in 9 of the 16 cities, indicating robust and consistent performance across diverse wind regimes. In terms of practical applications, the HAKDE distribution is integrated with the power curve of the Vestas V150/4200 wind turbine to calculate more accurate estimates of expected average power (EAP), capacity factor (CF), and annual energy production (AEP) for assessment and planning. As a result, HAKDE demonstrates flexible, reliable performance as a wind resource assessment tool, playing an important role in supporting planning and investment decisions in the wind energy field. © 2025 The Authors