NU Research Week - I
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Item Open Access A case study: municipal waste management in Astana, Kazakhstan (A guideline of waste management for developing countries)(Nazarbayev University, 2013) Kim, J.R.; Inglezakis, V.; Rojas-Solorzano, L.; Ismailova, A.; Aitbekova, A.; Shorakyzy, G.; Kystauova, A.This research is currently ongoing and as a preliminary result, it is noticed the need of: increasing proportion of recycling in the waste management system, constructing incineration plants in the city, improving waste collection with the involvement of private companies, and introducing volume-based charging system.Item Open Access A dem investigation of the effect of particle-size-distribution on one-dimensional compression(Nazarbayev University, 2013) Minh, N. H.; Cheng, Y.P.For granular soils subjected to many thousands of per cents of shear strain, a critical grading was also found at which no possible further particle breakage occurred. The critical grading can be plotted as a straight line in the double-log scale, thus indicating a power-law distribution with a fractal dimension D = 2.57. Altuhafi and Coop conducted an oedometer test on granular soils artificially prepared with critical grading (CG in Fig. 1) and did not observe significant particle breakage for these soils; rather, the particle surface roughness was, instead, reduced. In this work, DEM simulations using the PFC3D version 4.0 were conducted. Assemblies of spherical particles with different particle size distributions but no particle breakage were subjected to one-dimensional (1D) compressions.Item Open Access Algebraic methods of data retrieval(Nazarbayev University, 2013) Adaricheva, K.; Nation, J.B.Discovery of (strong) association rules, or implications, between the attributes of a binary table is an important task in data management, and it finds application in artificial intelligence, data mining and the semantic web. The challenge of the task is to deal with the large data sets, when the most known approaches require a time that depends exponentially on the size of the dataItem Open Access Applied state estimation(Nazarbayev University, 2013) Emara-Shabaik, H. E.State estimation of dynamic systems plays a key role in monitoring and controlling such systems. State estimates are used for health status check in order to maintain safe operations of systems and processes. Also, it is used to optimally control the dynamic system under consideration. Research results obtained in applying state estimation in aerospace, oil and gas, and energy are presented.Item Open Access Carbon-polymer dressing for the treatment of chronic ulcers(Nazarbayev University, 2013) Akhmetova, A. S.; Nurgozhin, T.S.; Mikhalovsky, S. V.; Saliev, T.Cryogels are sponge-like, highly porous, interconnected hydrogels formed using a freezing process.They have a large surface area for wound contact and, in this case, with a selective barrier (agarose) that allows the passage of volatile malodorous molecules but not serum proteins. This way agarose scaffold absorbs wound exudate and incorporated activated carbon prevents odorous molecules from escaping. In this study, agarose cryogels, hydrogels and films and their composites with activated carbon (AC) were studied as potential wound dressing materials.Item Open Access Cell therapeutic approaches for the treatment of experimentally induced liver fibrosis(Nazarbayev University, 2013) Askarova, Sholpan; Umbayev, B.; Tsoy, A.; Bulanin, D.; Ongarbayeva, N.; Shalakhmetova, T.The results of our study provide evidence that HT improved animal survival and liver functions by generating an ectopic hepatic mass inside the Peyer’s patches. These observations point to the conclusion that hepatocyte transplantation into lymph nodes would improve efficacy of cell –based therapy of patients with liver fibrosis and cirrhosis.Item Open Access Cellulose, cellulose/polysaccharide or cellulose/protein blend materials prepared from a novel solvent system for use in medical applications(Nazarbayev University, 2013) Douglass, E. F.; Kotek, R.A new environmentally friendly solvent system has been developed to make cellulose and cellulose blend membranes. It was determined there was a need to see if this novel system could be used for membrane production, we were successful. These membranes were produced, and they were characterized, and found to have physical properties comparable with current cellulose membranes. We then used these results to attempt the development of blend materials, with unique properties. We developed these membranes with pure cellulose and blended with another natural biomaterial to make a composite membrane with unique properties. These compatible blends of starch or protein with cellulose had never been accomplished before. The methods of characterizing these materials are also useful in determining compatibility of polymers with one another in a solid system. We discovered these new blend materials have interesting chemical and physical characteristics, and adding these biomaterials remains compatible at the macro and micro level with cellulose. These materials were then characterized and found to have physical properties similar to conventional cellulose membranes.Item Open Access Characterisation of cilicate-grouted sand according to dynamic properties at low stress level(Nazarbayev University, 2013) Kim, J.R.; Bakhtiyarov, D.; Zhumabekov, G.; Saliyev, D.Overall, it was found that at lower frequencies, the energy dissipation potential of silicate-grouted sandy soil is higher than that of higher frequencies. Due to validity of approximation that viscoelastic nature of the soil material is linear, the stress-strain relationship of results in an elliptical hysteresis loop. It was concluded that the overall time dependent pattern of creep effect was similar to that of the experiments conducted under constant applied load. By analyzing the creep test results at given frequencies, it was found that while there is an increase in the complex modulus, the complex compliance and the phase angle decrease. Also, by knowing dynamic properties of soil material, the power law of the creep compliance can be predicted.Item Open Access Chemotherapeutic`s effects on cell speading and motility via regulation of microtubule binding proteins(Nazarbayev University, 2013)Our project will test the hypothesis that MTAs will specifically regulate microtubule interactions with EB proteins, thereby regulating MT dynamics. Our strategy is to quantify MTA effects on MT structures, cell spreading and cell motility while controlling EB1 and EB3 expression during high-resolution time lapsed imaging.Item Open Access Coal gasification in circulating fluidized bed reactor(Nazarbayev University, 2013) Tokmurzin, D.; Khamitova, G.; Sharafuddinov, A.; Daueshova, B.; Orynbassarova, A.This research project is aimed at developing circulating fluidized bed gasification technology for coal being mined in Kazakhstan. The main goal is to construct a gasification technology for extra-high ash containing coals mined in Kazakhstan, particularly Ekibastuz, Maikuben, Mamyt and Torgay coals. To achieve this goal, the project will be developed in two main steps. The first step is modeling gasification process and designing the model simulation software. The second step is constructing circulating fluidized bed gasification technology.Item Open Access Collaborative research center for nanofluidics at Nazarbayev University(Nazarbayev University, 2013) Ainabayev, A.; Berdenova, B.; Insepov, Z.; Tnyshtykbayev, K.; Aliyev, E.; Imanbayev, G.; Boguspayev, K.; Roshchupkin, D.V.; Kononenko, O.V.; Hassanein, A.; Bralts, V.Our preliminary experiments conducted at NURIS, ICP, KazSU and IMT have discovered two new physical effects consisting of i) a significant increase of the rate of liquid pumping through a micron scale tubes under ultrasound irradiation; and ii) a considerable amplification of the magnitude of surface waves where a bias potential was applied to the surface of a graphene film deposited on piezoelectric material.Item Open Access Combining intelligent tutoring systems and virtual clinical simulations for USMLE step 1 preparation(Nazarbayev University, 2013) Rogers, P.; Niyazmetova, L.; Kurmangaziyev, Z.; Kamzina, Y.; Abdiyeva, K.; Watson, G.; Overmyer, S.The primary objective of the proposed research program was to establish a framework for the development and establishment of a comprehensive Review Program for the United States Medical License Examination (USMLE) Step 1.Item Open Access Comparison between landfill gas and waste incineration for power generation in Astana(Nazarbayev University, 2013) Inglezakis, V.; Rojas-Solorzano, L.; Kim, J.R.; Kystauova, A.; Shorakyzy, G.The population of Astana, Kazakhstan, generates more than 1,100 tons of municipal solid waste daily and they are deposited mostly without preliminary separation or other treatment in open dumps.Rapid growth of Astana population and ineffective waste management leads to the formation of illegal dumping. This leads to deterioration of sanitary and environmental conditions of the city. This project considers the possibility of depositing high organic content waste in engineered landfills or incineration plants for electricity and heat generation purposes. The objective of this research project is to assess and compare the landfill gas (LFG) and waste incineration (WI) solutions in terms of technical, environmental, and economic performance at a pre-feasibility level.Item Open Access Coordinating academic programmes of secondary schooling and higher education institutions of Kazakhstan in the context of the international experience(Nazarbayev University, 2013) Kurakbayev, K.; Bridges, D.The international research project “Coordinating Academic Programmes of Secondary Schooling and Higher Education Institutions of Kazakhstan in the Context of the International Experience” grew out of a partnership between the newly established Nazarbayev University Graduate School of Education (NUGSE) and the University of Cambridge Faculty of Education. The funding for the study was provided by the Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan through Nazarbayev University Graduate School of Education.Item Open Access Creating prerequisites of personalized approach in the diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis, based on whole genome-sequencing of M.tuberculosis(Nazarbayev University, 2013) Molkenov, A.; Abilmazhinova, A.; Akhmetova, A.; Chingisova, L.; Bismilda, V.; Yerezhepov, D.; Kozhamkulov, U.; Abilova, Zh.; Askapuli, A.; Zhabagin, M.; Kairov, U.; Rahimova, S.; Zhumadilov, Zh.; Akilzhanova, A.The next generation sequencing technology provides a tool to obtain genetic data from clinically isolates M.tuberculosis. Using it we can clarify the factors cause of the formation of highly virulent strains of M.tuberculosis, the evolution of local strains, and genetic markers of drug resistance, which will pave the personalized approach in the diagnosis and treatment of TB.Item Open Access Culture and maternity care in Kazakhstan: what new mothers expected(Nazarbayev University, 2013) Craig, B. J.; Kabylbekova, Z.Maternity care in Kazakhstan has been characterized as low in quality with low levels of public health knowledge. Previous research indicates childbirth preparation courses improve knowledge and encourage participation and decision making of mothers. Such courses, are rare in Kazakhstan. This study examined the benefits of childbirth preparation courses as well as the needs and expectations regarding childbirth care through the perspectives of new mothers. The qualitative method of focus groups was chosen for this study in order to examine how people use and interpret meanings and messages in particular contexts. The criteria for participation included women who have given birth within the previous 12 months in Astana and had attended childbirth courses provided by the non-governmental organization SABI Astana.Item Open Access Design and control of a cyro stabilized pan-tilt sensor system for mobile applications(Nazarbayev University, 2013) Shintemirov, A.; Nietkaliyev, A.; Begalinova, A.; Burkit, A.In this project the investigators propose to design and implement a gyro stabilized multisensory system, which will accommodate a spherical manipulator platform equipped with commercially available laser range finder sensor, an orientation and sensors and vision cameras. Combining these technologies will allow creating a 3D map of the surrounding environment.Item Open Access Design and development of multivalent peptide vaccine candidate against influenza a virus(Nazarbayev University, 2013) Chinybayeva, A. K.; Kabdullina, A.; Soltabayeva, A.; Myngbay, A.; Adarichev, V. A.; Alibek, K.Influenza virus is a major pathogen with global spread which infects birds and mammals, including humans. The virus is constantly changing, thus influenza stays in the centre of vaccine research. Effective vaccine should have a wide spectrum of protection from the most circulating and dangerous subtypes of the virus. Our goals are identifying the most immunogenic peptide epitopes among three subtypes of Influenza A virus (H1N1, H3N2 и H5N1) according to affinity to MHC class I & II molecules, and finding epitopes localized in conservative regions of the viral proteome. We propose to screen synthetic oligopeptides emulating conservative and immunogenic regions for the strongest humoral and cell mediated responses in mice to select several epitopes/peptides as multivalent peptide vaccine candidate.Item Open Access Design and synthesis of organic nonlinear optical materials(Nazarbayev University, 2013) Baptayev, B.; Tauanov, Z.; Bissengaliyeva, M.; Adilov, S.A new class of materials based on octupolar symmetries has been proposed for nonlinear optical (NLO) applications in early 1990s [1]. Unlike traditional dipolar systems octupolar molecules lack permanent dipole moments and have better chances to adopt noncentrosymmetric packing. The objective of this work is to prepare cubic octupoles based on trans-porphyrin dimers; these cubic systems are expected to show high nonlinearities at molecular as well as crystalline scale.Item Open Access Design, synthesis and characterization of self-assembled monodisperse magnetic nanoparticles(Nazarbayev University, 2013) Rakhmetova, A.; Kanayeva, D.Using a co-precipitation method, Fe3O4 nanoparticle surfaces were modified with oleic acid or PEG.This method yields particles with broad size distribution. MNPs synthesized by thermal decomposition method appear to have narrow size distribution and monodispersity.