NEET Youth in Kazakhstan: Risk Factors and Government Response. Case study of Astana

Abstract

The current study explores NEET youth phenomenon, youth who are not actively working, studying or training, in Kazakhstan with emphasis on risk factors, policy related to the phenomenon and institutional constraints. While official NEET rates are relatively low, the problem is still serious because of the hidden types of inactivity and structural barriers that complicate the process of finding a job for young people. This research utilises a mixed methods approach, using quantitative data from the 2024 Labor Force Survey, alongside qualitative data generated by semi-structured interviews with NEET youth and institutional workers. Quantitative analysis revealed that the key risk factors for NEET youth included gender, marital status, presence of children, and education. Qualitative results provide insight into the specific cases of NEET youth and how Youth Resource Centers work. According to the study, NEET status in Kazakhstan is related to more than just the person. There is also a correlation to family dynamics, less work experience, and unclear career paths. The interviews also expose institutional issues such as the lack of awareness of government programs, reactive roles performed by Youth Resource Centers, fragmented governance, the absence of performance measures and a lack of resources. Overall, current policy response is not able to adequately address the complexity involved in the NEET problem. To solve the issue, we need a more focused approach, better communication between people, and new ways of measuring long-term results.