003.01. NATIONAL LABORATORY ASTANA
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Item Open Access 2D nucleation of CdSe on FTO/glass(The 6th International Conference on Nanomaterials and Advanced Energy Storage Systems. Institute of Batteries LLP, Nazarbayev University, and PI “National Laboratory Astana”., 2018-08-08) Khussurova, Gulnur; Puzikova, Darya; Dergacheva, Margarita; Urazov, KazhmuhanCadmium selenide is an important photovoltaic material due to its high absorption coefficient and optimal band gap (1.7 eV) for efficient absorption and conversion of solar radiation. The influence of nanostructures on the behavior of CdSe anodes in photovoltaic cells leads to an interest in the study of its electrochemical deposition process and the peculiarities of nucleation and growth of semiconductor precipitation. However, the growth processes in the electrochemical deposition of cadmium selenide remain little investigated....Item Open Access 3D PRINTING OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE ELECTRODES FOR ALL-SOLID-STATE RECHARGEABLE LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES(National Laboratory Astana, 2022-08) Nnwaogu, Emmanuel Chisom; Nurpeissova, Arailym; Kalimuldina, Gulnur; Bakenov, ZhumabayThree-Dimensional (3D) electrode architecture of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) is a new generation energy storage system with high energy and high-power capacity to satisfy high consumer demands, especially for its application in biomedical, electrical vehicles, and portable electronics.Item Open Access A design for large-area fast photo-detectors with transmission-line readout and waveform sampling(In Real Time Conference, 2009. RT'09. 16th IEEE-NPSS (pp. 49-61). IEEE., 2009) Adams, B.; Anderson, J. T.; Attenkofer, K.; Bogdan, M.; Byrum, K.; Drake, G.; Insepov, Z.We present a preliminary design and the results of simulation for a photo-detector module to be used in applications requiring the coverage of areas of many square meters with time resolutions less than 10 picoseconds and position resolutions of less than a millimeter for charged particles. The source of light is Cherenkov light in a radiator/window; the amplification is provided by panels of micro-pores functionalized to act as microchannel plates (MCPs). The good time and position resolution stems from the use of an array of parallel 50 Ω transmission lines (strips) as the collecting anodes. The anode strips feed multi-GS/sec sampling chips which digitize the pulse waveform at each end of the strip, allowing a measurement of the time from the average of the two ends, and a 2-dimensional position measurement from the difference of times on a strip, and, in the orthogonal direction, the strip number, or a centroid of the charges deposited on adjacent strips. The module design is constructed so that large areas can be `tiled' by an array of modules.Item Open Access A General Model of Vacuum Arcs in Linacs(Proceedings of NAPAC2016, Chicago, IL, USA, 2017-01) Norem, J.; Insepov, Z.We are developing a general model of breakdown and gradient limits that applies to accelerators, along with other high field applications such as power grids and laser ablation. We have considered connections with failure modes of integrated circuits, sheath properties of dense, non-Debye plasmas and applications of capillary wave theory to rf breakdown in linacs. In contrast to much of the rf breakdown effort that considers one physical mechanism or one experimental geometry, we find an enormous volume of relevant material in the literature that helps to constrain our model and suggest experimental tests.Item Open Access A Low-Cost Open-Source 3-D-Printed Three-Finger Gripper Platform for Research and Educational Purposes(IEEE Access, 2015-06-02) Telegenov, Kuat; Tlegenov, Yedige; Shintemirov, AlmasRobotics research and education have gained significant attention in recent years due to increased development and commercial deployment of industrial and service robots. A majority of researchers working on robot grasping and object manipulation tend to utilize commercially available robot-manipulators equipped with various end effectors for experimental studies. However, commercially available robotic grippers are often expensive and are not easy to modify for specific purposes. To extend the choice of robotic end effectors freely available to researchers and educators, we present an open-source lowcost three-finger robotic gripper platform for research and educational purposes. The 3-D design model of the gripper is presented and manufactured with a minimal number of 3-D-printed components and an off-the-shelf servo actuator. An underactuated finger and gear train mechanism, with an overall gripper assembly design, are described in detail, followed by illustrations and a discussion of the gripper grasping performance and possible gripper platform modifications. The presented open-source gripper platform computer-aided design model is released for downloading on the authors research lab website(www.alaris.kz) and can be utilized by robotics researchers and educators as a design platform to build their own robotic end effector solutions for research and educational purposes.Item Open Access A model of rf breakdown arcs(Fermilab, 2008) Insepov, Z.; Bross, A.; Qian, Z.; Norem, J.; Huang, D.; Veitzer, S.; Torun, Y.This paper presents a rst iteration of a model that attempts to describe all aspects of breakdown in rf cavities and provides some estimates of the parameters and parameter ranges involved, as an aid to producing more precise models and more useful experiments. The model describes how breakdown events can be triggered, how they grow, it identi es the power source for their rapid growth, mechanisms that limit their growth, how they are extinguished and how they can be mitigated. We also discuss applications to superconducting rf and high pressure gas structures. The model relies heavily on previous experiments with 805 and 201 MHz warm copper cavities, and pre-liminary plasma modeling using the code OOPIC Pro. We compare estimates from the model with experimental data where this is possible. Because of the geometrical dependence of all parameters, the wide range of experiments being performed, the wide range of experimental parameters in a given breakdown event and the lack of extensive systematic parameter searches at this stage in our studies, it is diffcult to present precise results. We are constrained to showing what mechanisms are involved, the strength of these mechanisms and how they interact to produce the experimental data. We are primarily interested in the development and dynamics of the arc, magnetic and gas effects and insights on how to avoid arcing in all environments.Item Open Access A New Multiscale Approach to Nuclear Fuel Simulations: Atomistic Validation of Kinetic Method(Transactions of the American Nuclear Society, 2010) Insepov, Z.; Rest, J.; Hofman, G. L.; Yacout, A.; Norman, G. E.; Starikov, S. A.; Stegailov, V. V.A key issue for fuel behavior codes is their sensitivity to values of various materials properties, many of which have large uncertainties or have not been measured. Kinetic mesoscale models, such as those developed at Argonne National Laboratory within the past decade, are directly comparable to data obtained from in-reactor experiments. In the present paper, a new multiscale concept is proposed that consists of using atomistic simulation methods to verify the kinetic approach. The new concept includes kinetic rate-equations for radiation damage, energetics and kinetics of defects, and gas/defect-driven swelling of fuels as a function of temperature and burnup. The quantum and classical atomistic simulation methods are applied to increase our understanding of radiation damage and defect formation and growth processes and to calculate the probabilities of elemental processes and reactions that are applicable to irradiated nuclear materials.Item Open Access A novel approach for determining the optimal number of independent components for reproducible cancer transcriptomes data analysis(National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 2017-09-15) Kairov, U.; Cantini, L.; Greco, A.; Molkenov, A.; Czerwinska, U.; Barillot, E.; Zinovyev, A.Item Open Access A real-time multiplex PCR assay for the detection of Salmonella Enteritidis(National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 2017-09-15) Tarlykov, P.; Atavlieva, S.; Ramanculov, E.Item Open Access A targeted sequencing reveal overlapping pattern of genetic variants in patients with cardiomyopathy with cardiac arrhythmias in Kazakhstan(2016-05) Akilzhanova, A.; Guelly, Ch.; Abilova, Zh.; Rakhimova, S.; Akhmetova, A.; Kairov, U.; Nuralinov, O.; Rashbayeva, G.; Trajanoski, S.; Zhumadilov, Zh.; Bebosynova, M.Ventricular tachycardia (VT) is a common symptom in cardiac disorders of different etiology. Abnormalities of ion channels are attributed to mutations in the genes encoding the channel protein and cause altered function of channels, which can predispose to arrhythmias. Due to the high incidence of cardiovascular disorders in Kazakhstan, we enrolled a study cohort of 95 patients of different clinical phenotypes of cardiomyopathies, including DCM, idiopathic VT but also patients with myocardial infarction as a consequence of coronary heart disease. The common denominator among the three main groups was the occurrence of severe episodes of VT in all patients. Using targeted resequencing, we investigated 96 cardiomyopathy associated candidate-genes in this cohort with the aim to detect rare and common variations in these genes associated with VT molecular basisItem Metadata only Aberrant base excision repair pathway of oxidatively damaged DNA: Implications for degenerative diseases(Free Radical Biology and Medicine, 2017-06-01) Talhaoui, Ibtissam; Matkarimov, Bakhyt T.; Tchenio, Thierry; Zharkov, Dmitry O.; Saparbaev, Murat K.; Ibtissam, TalhaouiAbstract In cellular organisms composition of DNA is constrained to only four nucleobases A, G, T and C, except for minor DNA base modifications such as methylation which serves for defence against foreign DNA or gene expression regulation. Interestingly, this severe evolutionary constraint among other things demands DNA repair systems to discriminate between regular and modified bases. DNA glycosylases specifically recognize and excise damaged bases among vast majority of regular bases in the base excision repair (BER) pathway. However, the mismatched base pairs in DNA can occur from a spontaneous conversion of 5-methylcytosine to thymine and DNA polymerase errors during replication. To counteract these mutagenic threats to genome stability, cells evolved special DNA repair systems that target the non-damaged DNA strand in a duplex to remove mismatched regular DNA bases. Mismatch-specific adenine- and thymine-DNA glycosylases (MutY/MUTYH and TDG/MBD4, respectively) initiated BER and mismatch repair (MMR) pathways can recognize and remove normal DNA bases in mismatched DNA duplexes. Importantly, in DNA repair deficient cells bacterial MutY, human TDG and mammalian MMR can act in the aberrant manner: MutY and TDG removes adenine and thymine opposite misincorporated 8-oxoguanine and damaged adenine, respectively, whereas MMR removes thymine opposite to O6-methylguanine. These unusual activities lead either to mutations or futile DNA repair, thus indicating that the DNA repair pathways which target non-damaged DNA strand can act in aberrant manner and introduce genome instability in the presence of unrepaired DNA lesions. Evidences accumulated showing that in addition to the accumulation of oxidatively damaged DNA in cells, the aberrant DNA repair can also contribute to cancer, brain disorders and premature senescence. For example, the aberrant BER and MMR pathways for oxidized guanine residues can lead to trinucleotide expansion that underlies Huntington's disease, a severe hereditary neurodegenerative syndrome. This review summarises the present knowledge about the aberrant DNA repair pathways for oxidized base modifications and their possible role in age-related diseases.Item Open Access Aberrant repair initiated by the adenine-DNA glycosylase does not play a role in UV-induced mutagenesis in Escherichia coli(BIOCHEMISTRY, BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, 2018-12-15) Zutterling, Caroline; Mursalimov, Aibek; alhaoui, Ibtissam; Koshenov, Zhanat; Akishev, Zhiger; Bissenbaev, Amangeldy K.; Mazon, Gerard; Geacintov, Nicolas E.; Gasparutto, Didier; Groisman, Regina; Zharkov, Dmitry O.; Matkarimov, Bakhyt T.; Saparbaev, MuratDNA repair is essential to counteract damage to DNA induced by endo- and exogenous factors, to maintain genome stability. However, challenges to the faithful discrimination between damaged and non-damaged DNA strands do exist, such as mismatched pairs between two regular bases resulting from spontaneous deamination of 5-methylcytosine or DNA polymerase errors during replication. To counteract these mutagenic threats to genome stability, cells evolved the mismatch-specific DNA glycosylases that can recognize and remove regular DNA bases in the mismatched DNA duplexes. The Escherichia coli adenine-DNA glycosylase (MutY/MicA) protects cells against oxidative stress-induced mutagenesis by removing adenine which is mispaired with 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8oxoG) in the base excision repair pathway....Item Open Access Abstract Book of The 8th International Conference on Nanomaterials and Advanced Energy Storage Systems(The 8th International Conference on Nanomaterials and Advanced Energy Storage Systems; Nazarbayev University; National Laboratory Astana; Institute of Batteries, 2020-08)The INESS 2020 topics covered the following and related areas: advanced nanomaterials for energy application, advanced energy storage, conversion and saving systems, materials for electrochemical sensor and electroanalytical applications, catalysis and fuel cells, battery monitoring and management systems, battery safety and utilization, development of electric vehicles and stationary energy storage. The scientists and students from Japan, Korea, France, Germany, China, Russia, Canada, UAE, UK, Turkey and Kazakhstan reviewed and discussed the recent progress and problems in materials science, nanotechnologies, ecology, renewable energy, energy storage systems and modeling methods in these fields.Item Open Access Acoustoelectric properties of graphene under the influence of saw and external electric field(Nazarbayev University, NURIS, Institute of Microelectronics Technology and High Purity Materials, 2015) Insepov, Z.; Tynyshtykbayev, Kurbangali B.; Kononenko, Oleg V.; Roshchupkin, Dmitry V.The effect of SAW on the electrical properties of the few-layer (2-3 layers) graphene is studied. Under the influence of SAW the appearence of acoustoelectric current IAEC in graphene is observed. The sign and magnitude of the induced IAEC in graphene conditioned by magnitude and direction of the electromagnetic fields induced by SAW and an external electric field. When the direction of SAW and Vbias is the same IAEC amplified, when at the opposite direction - IAEC are reduced in result of the interaction of these fields with each other. As a result of the measurement of the induced acoustoelectric (IAEC) current in graphene under the influence of a surface acoustic wave (SAW) the fluctuation nature of acoustoelectric current in the area of electrical neutrality is established at low voltages of an external bias (Vbias) applied on a graphene. The fluctuation character of the IAEC is manifested in all cases of measurements depending on the action of SAW and Vbias near the point of electrical neutrality. Chaotic fluctuation potential of graphene in the area of electrical neutrality is enhanced by the action of SAW that allows observing it in real conditions of the experiment at room temperature in air. The magnitude of IAEC depends on the power of SAW, while there is a parabolic dependence of the induced IAEC on the amplification current of SAW power (ISAW). The parabolic dependence of IAEC on ISAW explained by specific relaxation of acoustic phonons of the piezocrystallical substrate, which is dominant in the process of electronphonon scattering in graphene and acoustoelectric current induction in it. For large magnitudes of Vbias strict linear dependence of the IAEC on Vbias is observed. Large Vbias effectively suppress the appearance of the fluctuation potential of electrons and holes. The ability to control the magnitude and direction of IAEC induced in graphene by SAW is of practical importance.Item Open Access ACTIVATED CARBON/PECTIN COMPOSITE ENTEROSORBENT FOR HUMAN PROTECTION FROM INTOXICATION WITH XENOBIOTICS PB(II) AND SODIUM DICLOFENAC(Molecules, 2022) Jandosov, Jakpar; Alavijeh, Mo; Sultakhan, Shynggyskhan; Baimenov, Alzhan; Bernardo, Maria; Sakipova, Zuriyadda; Azat, Seytkhan; Lyubchyk, Svitlana; Zhylybayeva, Nurzhamal; Naurzbayeva, Gulmira; Mansurov, Zulkhair; Mikhalovsky, Sergey; Berillo, DmitriyThe use of enterosorbents—materials which can be administered orally and eliminate toxic substances from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) by sorption—offers an attractive complementary protection of humans against acute and chronic poisoning. In this study, we report the results of developing a microgranulated binary biomedical preparation for oral use. It was designed with a core-shell structure based on pectin with low degree of esterification as the core, and nanoporous activated carbon produced from rice husk, AC-RH, as the shell, designated as AC-RH@pectin. The adsorption properties of the synthesized materials were studied in aqueous solutions for the removal of lead (II) nitrate as a representative of toxic polyvalent metals and sodium diclofenac as an example of a medicinal drug. The composite enterosorbent demonstrated high adsorption capacity for both adsorbates studied. Adsorption kinetics of lead and diclofenac adsorption by AC-RH, pectin, and AC-RH@pectin, fitted well a pseudo-second-order model. According to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model, the best fitted isotherm model, the maximum adsorption capacity, qmax, of AC RH@pectin for diclofenac and for lead (II) was 130.9 mg/g and 227.8 mg/g, respectively. Although qmax of AC-RH for diclofenac, 537.6 mg/g, and qmax of pectin for lead (II), 245.7 mg/g, were higher, the maximum adsorption capacity of AC-RH for lead (II), 52.7 mg/g, was much lower than that of the composite AC-RH@pectin and the adsorption capacity of pectin for diclofenac was negligible. Therefore, the composite material AC-RH@pectin demonstrated substantial efficiency of removing both species which potentially defines it as a more universal enterosorbent suitable for treating poisoning caused by substances of different chemical nature.Item Open Access Activation of cell ageing pathways with novel small molecules for cancer treatment(National Laboratory Astana, Nazarbayev University, 2017-09-15) Masoud, A.; Brook, A.; Davis, T.; Umbayev, B.; Tsoy, A.; Askarova, Sh.; Kipling, D.; Alimbetov, D.Item Open Access Adiponectin plasma levels in patients with age-related dementia(2016-05) Kaiyrlykyzy, A.; Umbayev, B.; Masoud, A.; Shramko, A.; Idrissova, D.; Zhussupova, A.; Alzhanova, D.; Alimbetov, D.; Askarova, S.Adiponectin play a significant role in the regulation of type 2 diabetes, obesity, atherosclerosis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and neurodegenerative disorders. Evidence suggests that adiponectin may be an independent risk factor for all-cause dementia and Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the level of adiponectin in plasma reflects its level in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Studies demonstrated that elevated adiponectin level in blood was associated with an increased risk of dementia and AD in women and indicates that the sex dimorphism with regard to adiponectin levels association with Alzheimer's disease was clearly observedItem Open Access Adipose-derived perivascular stem cell as a source for cell therapy(2016-05) Ogay, V.Perivascular stem cells (PSCs) have been isolated from several organs and tissues, including adipose tissue. They have unique features resembling both pericytes and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). PSCs as MSCs are capable to multilineage differentiation into neurons, astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, as well as to produce angiogenic and neurotrophic factors, indicating their regenerative and neuroprotective properties. It was recently shown that PSCs play an important role in repairing of the nervous tissue during cerebral ischemia, as they can differentiate into neurons, endothelial and glial cells in the hippocampal subgranular zone. In this connection, recently PSCs have been considered as a potential alternative to MSCs for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Here we review the recent literature and own data on PSCs, discuss their unique features, regenerative potential and possible applications in cell therapy and tissue engineering.Item Metadata only Adipose-derived perivascular stem cells promote sensorimotor recovery after ischemic stroke in rats(Journal of Biotechnology, 2017-08-30) Ogay, Vyacheslav; Kumasheva, Venera; Baidosova, Sholpan; Li, Yelena; Shpekov, Azat; Makhambetov, Yerbol; Kaliyev, Assylbek; Zhetpisbayev, Berik; Olzhayev, Farkhad; Ramankulov, Yerlan; Vyacheslav, OgayIn this study, we test a novel hypothesis that treatment of stroke with adipose-derived perivascular stem cells (PSCs) promote sensorimotor recovery after stroke in rats. Rat PSCs were isolated from subcutaneous adipose tissue by a FACS Aria cell sorter using antibodies against CD146, CD31, CD34 and CD45. Isolated and propagated PSCs exhibited fibroblast-like morphology and significantly expressed both mesenchymal stem cells and pericyte markers such as CD73, CD90, CD105, CD146, NG2 and PDGFR-β. Adult male Wistar rats were subjected to 2 h of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo) followed by femoral vein injection of PSCs (3 × 106 cells) 24 h later. The rats were sacrificed at 28 days after stroke and immunohistochemistry were performed to identify angiogenesis. It was observed that intravenous injection of PSCs significantly promoted sensomotoric recovery in stroke rats compared with PBS-treated controls. Number of blood capillaries was significantly increased along the ischemic boundary zone of the cortex and striatum in MCAo rats treated with PSCs.Item Open Access ADSORPTION AND DISPLACEMENT OF METHANE IN GRAPHENE-BASED MICROSTRUCTURES: INSIGHT FROM MOLECULAR SIMULATIONS(National Laboratory Astana, 2022-08) Bekeshov, Dias; Ashimov, Sultan; Wang, Yanwei; Wang, LeiShale gas and coalbed methane are alternative energy sources that partly or even mainly consist of methane stored in an adsorbed state in pores of organic-rich rock and coal seams. This study employed a combination of Grand Canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) and Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations to investigate the mechanisms of gas adsorption and displacement of methane in coal microstructures, which were modeled as slit pores with the slit walls modelled by graphene layers.