NU Research Week - II
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These proceedings present abstract of the projects conducted at Nazarbayev University and presented at the NU Research Week-II conference which was held in Astana on November 24-28, 2014. The purpose of the conference was to present the research conducted at NU, as well as to foster links for collaboration. This event also gave an opportunity for undergraduate, Master and PhD students to familiarise themselves with the variety of research topics available at NU and meet with their participants. During the Conference over 200 papers were presented. They focus on flagship programs within the three strategic multi-disciplinary thematic pillars: 1) Healthier and longer life;
2) Earth observation, exploration and conservation; 3) Socio-economic development. These pillars leverage the institutional strengths, and are aligned to the needs and strategic directions of the Republic of Kazakhstan with an expectation of exciting discoveries at the research frontiers.
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Item Open Access Developing high resolution remote sensing technology into an advanced knowledge management system to monitor and assess water resources(Nazarbayev University, 2014) Kaskina, D.; Bradshaw, R. A.; James, A.; Kho, Y. H.; Kabiyeva, M.This project has the aim to advance the application of Remote Sensing by using high resolution, near real-time remote sensing technology in combination with field monitoring data.Item Open Access Optimum shapes of a periodic array of isothermal pipes embedded in a slab subjected to uniform convection(Nazarbayev University, 2014) Leontiou, T.; Ikram, M.; Beketayev, K.; Fyrillas, M. M.The project's main objective is to obtain optimum shapes of a periodic array of isothermal pipes that maximize heat transfer. The pipes are embedded in a two-dimensional slab whose surfaces are subjected to uniform convection.Item Open Access Coping with educational reforms and challenges in rural south Kazakhstan: a critical ethnography of a small rural school in Shymkent oblast(Nazarbayev University, 2014) Jaidakpayeva, J.This qualitative study explores some of the current issues that small rural schools of South Kazakhstan have to face nowadays, especially in relation to the on-going implementation of educational reforms.Item Open Access Leadership in Kazakhstan: the influence of gender and ethnicity on audience perception of leadership ability(Nazarbayev University, 2014) Lewis, J. L.; Abdirakhman, A.; Ainabekova, A.; Akbayev, O.; Amerzhanov, D.; Beisekenova, S.; Gaparov, A.; Idizova, M.; Kanzhanov, N.; Khamidulliyeva, G.; Manarbek, L.; Medeubekova, L.; Nurazkhan, M.; Omarbekova, A.; Talassova, A.; Usupbekov, E.; Yerkinova, D.A brief examination of the gender and ethnicity of leaders in sectors in Kazakhstan such as government, healthcare, education, and energy finds that most are male and ethnically Kazakh. This observation raised a question about whether this is a basic reflection of Kazakh society and beliefs about who should be a leader or who is a "good" leader, thus, this study was born. In this research project, conducted by students in the Communication Research Methods course (COMM 200, Spring 2014), we first examined what leadership characteristics are most important among Kazakhstani young people (RQ1). Then, we questioned whether the gender (RQ2) and/or ethnicity (RQ3) of person influenced that person's perceived leadership ability as judged by others in Kazakhstan.Item Open Access The multidimensional analysis of cell behaviour(Nazarbayev University, 2014) Kauanova, S.; Kakpenova, A.; Balabiyev, A.; Vorobjev, I.The cell motility assays became an important step for trial of new developed anti-tumor drugs and compounds [1, 2]. Set of experiments was performed with microtubule affecting drugs on a model population of 3T3 cells. This study is focused on the complex analysis of cell population behavior that can be further used to develop method for evaluation of drugs in preclinical trials.Item Open Access Informed middlemen and asymmetric information(Nazarbayev University, 2014) Kirysheva, I.In this paper I look at a two-sided asymmetric information game where agents make a collaborative decision not knowing types of each other. An intermediary has full knowledge about the types of agents and can make a decision that brings information to some types. However, once he puts the information on the table agents are not obliged to pay him, which undermines his incentive to participate in the first place.Item Open Access Development of laser guided deep-hole measurement system: adjustment to a smaller size hole(Nazarbayev University, 2014) Ali, Md. H.; Ko, M. W. L.; Katsuki, A.Deep holes are bored with the meter, millimeter, and micrometer level diameters in engineering. Examples of such holes with large 100-millimeter-level diameters and meter-level lengths are the rotation shafts of jet engines, generators and cannons. Holes with normal 10-millimeter-level diameters and lengths of several hundred millimeters are used for the main spindles of machines, the small cylinder in plastic injection molding, the tube sheet for heat exchanger, and guns. To measure such components the proposed measurement system consists of a measurement head in order to scan hole wall, a laser interferometer for measuring surface parameters of the hole and an optical device at the backside for detecting attitude of the measurement head. As a result of experimental analysis, it is observed that deephole having small diameter and longlength can be measured automatically by the new developed measurement system.Item Open Access National identity discourse and perception in the media outlets of Kazakhstan(Nazarbayev University, 2014) Burkhanov, A.This project examines perceptions of the civic "Kazakhstani" national identity in the discourse of Kazakh- and Russian-language media of Kazakhstan and highlights the divergent views on the civic nationhood of Kazakhstan in these two linguistic realms as well as explores implications for the nation-building process in Kazakhstan. In particular, this study illustrates how the usage of two languages, Kazakh and Russian, in the country's media industry, marks different understandings of ethnicity and identity issues in their respective audiences.Item Open Access The use of composite ferrocyanide materials for the treatment of high salinity liquid radioactive wastes rich in cesium isotopes(Nazarbayev University, 2014) Mikhalovsky, S. V.; Toropov, A. S.; Satayeva, A. R.; Cundy, A. B.Several factors affecting the removal of cesium from LRW, namely total salt content, pH and organic matter content, were also investigated. High concentrations of complexing organic matter significantly reduced the sorption capacity of ferrocyanide sorbents.Item Open Access An experience with teaching squares(Nazarbayev University, 2014) Clementi, A.; Goodman, Bridget; Kovanis, V.; Rizvi, M.Teaching Squares is a technique which was developed in 2001, is now used at numerous universities worldwide, and is aimed at informing and improving teaching [1]. It uses a process of classroom observation combined with personal and group reflection, while being free from the pressure of peer observations typically performed for the purpose of evaluation. For the initial trial of this technique at Nazarbayev University, three groups of four professors each (3 squares) were selected from across the university. We report the experience of our square.Item Open Access Multiplexed detection of cancer biomarkers using an optical biosensor(Nazarbayev University, 2014) Sypabekova, M. D.; Bekniyazov, I. S.; Bekmurzayeva, A. K.; Myrkhiyeva, Zh. M.; Chinybayeva, A. K.; Ashikbayeva, Zh. A.; Ayupova, T. Zh.; Mustafina, K. B.; Kanayeva, D.Early detection of cancer is important in administering timely treatment and increasing cancer survival rates. For early cancer detection one can use biomarkers, which are characteristics that can be objectively measured or evaluated as indicators of normal or pathogenic processes. In our study we study three protein biomarkers: carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and extracellular protein kinase A (ECPKA), which have been implicated in various types of human cancer. The main objective of this project is to develop a biosensor for detection of multiple cancer biomarkers. To detect these protein biomarkers high affinity ssDNA aptamers are being selected. Aptamers are short single stranded DNAs with an ability to bind to various targets with high affinity and specificity which selected by SELEX (Systemic Evolution of Ligands through Exponential enrichment) [2]. Ultimately, aptamers against each of the biomarker will be conjugated to magnetic nanoparticles to capture biomarkers from biological fluids. Another aptamer is proposed to be conjugated to quantum dots for quantitation of biomarkers when analyzed on spectrometer.Item Open Access Optimal current quality of a single-phase multilevel inverter with a staircase modulation(Nazarbayev University, 2014) Aldabergenov, M.; Familiant, Y. L.; Ruderman, A.The authors address the problem of optimal current quality for a single-phase multilevel inverter with a staircase modulation (Fig.1). The current quality is characterized by current ripple Normalized Mean Square (NMSc). The goal is to find theoretically optimal switching angles and respective minimal NMSc values. The previous research didn't provide comprehensive solutions for arbitrary modulation indices and level counts.Item Open Access Design and development of multi-nozzle extrusion system for 3D printer(Nazarbayev University, 2014) Abilgaziyev, A.; Kulzhan, T.; Raissov, N.; Ali, Md. H.; Ko, M. W. L.The main purpose of the project is the design, development and application of an extruder with five nozzles for fused filament fabrication (FFF) type 3D printers. The extruder should be able to use five different colors or materials, thus expanding the capability limits of currently existing 3D printers.Item Open Access Some basic BVPS for complex PDES method of reflection on example of two irregular domains(Nazarbayev University, 2014) Shupeyeva, B.The advantage of the method described is the fact that solution of the problems can be obtained analytically and presented in explicit form. This fact will be presented on example of two different irregular domains such as quarter ring and half hexagon [11,12]. Here the the Scwarz, the Dirichlet and the Neumann problems are solved, that is, the relative Schwarz kernel, the harmonic Green and Neumann functions were obtained according to the method of "parquieting".Item Open Access All-at-once multilevel interation for BI-harmonic system(Nazarbayev University, 2014) Erlangga, Y.The iterative method converges at a rate that is independent of the mesh size. The rate of convergence is comparable to that of multigrid, but is achieved with simpler components.Item Open Access Semi-externalization, semi-internalization, misalignment costs, and CEOs' assessments of venture capitalists' support(Nazarbayev University, 2014) Khanin, D.; Turel, O.Advancing transaction costs economics (TCE), we propose that hybrids (e.g., alliances) may be preferred to markets and hierarchies whenever the benefits of semi-externalization (partial adoption of the market mode of governance) combined with semi-internalization (partial adoption of the hierarchy mode of governance) less the misalignment costs that arise when these two conflicting modes of governance are combined exceed the benefits of full-blown externalization less the transaction costs and/or full-blown internalization less the administrative costs.Item Open Access Vacuum breakdown mitigation(Nazarbayev University, 2014) Insepov, Z.; Tynyshtykbayev, K.; Imanbayev, G.; Ainabayev, A.; Berdenova, B.; Dybyspayeva, K.; Ramazanova, Z.; Kuzembayeva, N.; Bulekbayeva, G.Understanding the breakdown voltage process in vacuum, specifically technology of breakdown mitigation, is important for applications such as accelerators and thermonuclear synthesis. In our work, we present simulation results and our conclusions about crater formation on a material surface due to vacuum arc and plasma heating. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) and irradiation by gas cluster ion beam (GCIB) can be applied to smoothen electrode surfaces; thus reducing the risks of a breakdown.Item Open Access Trilingual education policy implementation in Kazakhstan: teacher's beliefs and classroom practices(Nazarbayev University, 2014) Iyldyz, L. B.Trilingual policy is actively pursued by authorities in Kazakhstan in response not only to sociolinguistic and political factors but also economic factors. The main site for implementing the policy is educational institutions (with an initial focus on the first stage of secondary schools). The overarching purpose of this qualitative PhD study is to examine the debate on the issue of trilingual education in Kazakhstan, to place that debate in a meaningful and useful context based on the international literature related to educational language policy and to contribute to policy, research, and practice in this area within the context of Kazakhstan.Item Open Access Role of ROS in AB42 mediated cell surface P-selectin expression and actin polymerization(Nazarbayev University, 2014) Tsoy, A.; Askarova, Sholpan; Shalakhmetova, T.; Umbayev, B.; Adambekov, S.; Zhumadilov, Z.Blood-brain barrier dysfunction plays an important role in the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the AD brains an increased deposition of A(3 in the cerebral vasculature has been found to correlate with increased transmigration of blood-born inflammatory cells and neurovascular inflammation [1]. Transmigration of leukocytes into brain parenchyma is a sequential process starting with primary capture to the endothelium and rolling adhesion mediated by tethering on selectins and selectin ligands. P-selectin is a type I transmembrane cell adhesion molecule which is stored in cytoplasmic Weibel-Palade bodies (WPb) and can be mobilized on the endothelial cell surface within minutes upon exposure to different pro-inflammatory agents; then it's rapidly cleared through endocytosis in 30 min. It has become evident that A(3 activates cerebral endothelial cells (CECs) and induces mobilization of P-selectin to the cell surface [2]. However, expression mechanisms of this receptor on the surface of brain endothelial cells under administration with A(342 remain unclear. Since P-selectin is stored in WPb, and there is an evidence of active role of ROS (reactive oxygen species) and actin filaments in the different stages of WPb exocytosis, in this study we examined the dynamic of P-selectin expression on the endothelial cell surface activated by A(342 in relation to ROS and actin polymerization.Item Open Access Protein's conformational structure prediction via pattern recognition and constraint satisfaction methods(Nazarbayev University, 2014) Matkarimov, B.; Takhanov, R.The prediction of protein's native structure given its amino acid sequence is one of the central problems in modern computational biology/biophysics/biochemistry and computer science. Today there are more than 80000 3D structures of various biomacromolecules at the open access, e.g. in Protein Data Bank (PDB), and these databases have exponential growth rate. Project goal is to design and implement computing experiments related to biomacromolecular folding problem. This includes the development of high performance bioinformatics software.