DETERMINANTS OF SUPPLY FOR ENGLISH PRIVATE TUTORING: VOICES OF ENGLISH TUTORS IN KAZAKHSTAN

Abstract

English language proficiency is highly valued in private tutoring (PT), especially for those learning it as a supplementary language. Although the global significance of English Private Tutoring (EPT) is well-known, this industry is still in its early stages of development (Yung & Hajar, 2023). This qualitative study investigated why English tutors are entering Kazakhstan’s EPT market. The study explored the factors that influence ’their decision-making processes, the role of economic considerations, and the specific English skills and competencies that are most in demand in the private tutoring market. The researcher used various data collection tools, including narrative writing and semi-structured interviews. Bray’s (2021) theoretical framework was also used to understand the phenomenon of PT from different perspectives - physical, political, economic, cultural, and pedagogical geography. The study found that the participants were motivated to become English tutors due to their flexible working hours, teaching mode, professional development, and passion for teaching. Additionally, the study discovered income disparities among English tutors caused by differing rates. The participants also mentioned the demand for productive skills in the English language, such as speaking and writing, in the private tutoring market. While some participants were willing to pursue a career as an English tutor in the future, others considered it to be a temporary job. When considering future research, it is crucial to explore income inequality among English tutors in Kazakhstan and the impact of emerging technologies like Artificial Intelligence (AI) on their instructional methods. Keywords: private tutoring (PT), English private tutoring (EPT), English tutors, factors influencing teachers’ decisions, English skills, qualitative study