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Item type:Item, Access status: Metadata only , An unlikely bulwark of Sovietness: cross-border travel and Soviet patriotism in Western Ukraine, 1956вҖ“1985(https://doi.org/10.1080/00905992.2014.953468, 2015-01-02 00:00:00) Zbigniew WojnowskiFocusing on the development of travel between the borderlands of Ukraine and Soviet satellite states in Eastern Europe, this article explores what it meant to be Soviet outside the Russian core of the USSR between the mid-1950s and the mid-1980s. The cautious opening of the Soviet border was part of a larger attempt to find fresh sources of popular support and enthusiasm for the regime's “communist” project. Before the Prague Spring of 1968 in particular, official policies and narratives of travel thus praised local inhabitants who crossed the Soviet border for supposedly overcoming age-old hatreds to build a brighter future in Eastern Europe. By the 1970s, however, smuggling and cultural consumption discredited the idea of “internationalist friendship.” This encouraged residents of Ukraine to speak and write about the continuing importance of the Soviet border. The very idea of Sovietness was defined in national terms, as narratives of travel emphasized that Soviet citizens were inherently different from ethno-national groups in the people's democracies. Eastern Europe thus emerged as an “other” that highlighted the Soviet character of territories incorporated into the USSR after 1939, helping to obscure western Ukraine's troubled past and leading to the emergence of new social hierarchies in the region.Item type:Item, Access status: Metadata only , Theoretical design of triphenylamine-based derivatives with asymmetric D-D-ПҖ-A configuration for dye-sensitized solar cells(https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2015.01.002, 2015-04-05 00:00:00) Dong Hee Kim; Sang Hee Lee; Camille Marie G. Enopia; Mannix P. BalanaynanItem type:Item, Access status: Metadata only , Peasant Settlers and the вҖҳCivilising MissionвҖ™ in Russian Turkestan, 1865вҖ“1917(https://doi.org/10.1080/03086534.2014.941166, 2015-05-27 00:00:00) Alexander MorrisonThis article provides an introduction to one of the lesser-known examples of European settler colonialism, the settlement of European (mainly Russian and Ukrainian) peasants in Southern Central Asia (Turkestan) in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It establishes the legal background and demographic impact of peasant settlement, and the role played by the state in organising and encouraging it. It explores official attitudes towards the settlers (which were often very negative), and their relations with the local Kazakh and Kyrgyz population. The article adopts a comparative framework, looking at Turkestan alongside Algeria and Southern Africa, and seeking to establish whether paradigms developed in the study of other settler societies (such as the 'poor white') are of any relevance in understanding Slavic peasant settlement in Turkestan. It concludes that there are many close parallels with European settlement in other regions with large indigenous populations, but that racial ideology played a much less important role in the Russian case compared to religious divisions and fears of cultural backsliding. This did not prevent relations between settlers and the 'native' population deteriorating markedly in the years before the First World War, resulting in large-scale rebellion in 1916.Item type:Item, Access status: Metadata only , An assessment of theoretical procedures for ПҖ -conjugation stabilisation energies in enones(https://doi.org/10.1080/00268976.2014.986238, 2015-06-03 00:00:00) Robert J. O'Reilly; Amir Karton; Farzaneh Sarrami; Li-Juan YuWe introduce a representative database of 22 α,β- to β,γ-enecarbonyl isomerisation energies (to be known as the EIE22 data-set). Accurate reaction energies are obtained at the complete basis-set limit CCSD(T) level by means of the high-level W1-F12 thermochemical protocol. The isomerisation reactions involve a migration of one double bond that breaks the conjugated π-system. The considered enecarbonyls involve a range of common functional groups (e.g., Me, NH2, OMe, F, and CN). Apart from π-conjugation effects, the chemical environments are largely conserved on the two sides of the reactions and therefore the EIE22 data-set allows us to assess the performance of a variety of density functional theory (DFT) procedures for the calculation of π-conjugation stabilisation energies in enecarbonyls. We find that, with few exceptions (M05-2X, M06-2X, BMK, and BH&HLYP), all the conventional DFT procedures attain root mean square deviations (RMSDs) between 5.0 and 11.7 kJ mol−1. The range-separated and double-hybrid DFT procedures, on the other hand, show good performance with RMSDs below the 'chemical accuracy' threshold. We also examine the performance of composite and standard ab initio procedures. Of these, SCS-MP2 offers the best performance-to-computational cost ratio with an RMSD of 0.8 kJ mol−1.Item type:Item, Access status: Metadata only , KazakhstanвҖ™s security policy: Steady as she goes?(https://doi.org/10.1080/13518046.2015.1094939, 2015-10-02 00:00:00) Marcel de HaasThis article analyzes Kazakhstan’s security policy, in particular its main security documents: the Law on National Security, the Military Doctrine, and the Foreign Policy Concept. What does the practical application of these concepts, particularly toward the big actors Russia and China and to international organizations, tell us about Kazakh security policy? Overall, the conceptualized policy is largely reflected in practice. The biggest exceptions are found in the implementation of policy toward Russia. The pressure and possible threats of interference from Moscow form a hindrance for a fully independent foreign security policy by Astana. Furthermore, not military/security related measures but the implementation of political and social-economic reforms is essential to ensure the national security of Kazakhstan.