Аннотация:
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a serious public health problem. A large proportion of
patients with T2DM are unaware of their condition. People with undiagnosed T2DM are
at a greater risk of developing complications, whereas prediabetes has an elevated risk of
becoming T2DM. The aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of impaired fasting
glucose (IFG), undiagnosed and prior-diagnosed T2DM in Kazakhstan. A cross-sectional
study was conducted in four geographically remote regions using the WHO STEP
survey instrument. The status of T2DM of 4,753 participants was determined using the
WHO diagnostic criteria based on fasting plasma glucose (FPG) level. As a result, the
survey-weighted prevalence of IFG was 1.9% (95% CI 1.1%; 3.5%) and of T2DM was
8.0% (95% CI 3.8; 15.9). A total of 54% of T2DM have been newly diagnosed with
T2DM. Being 55–64 years old (OR = 2.71, 95% CI 1.12; 6.60) and having lowered
HDL-C level (OR = 3.72, 95% CI 1.68; 8.23) were found to be independent predictors
for IFG. Being older than 45 years, a female (OR = 0.57, 95% CI 0.39; 0.83), having high
waist circumference, was associated with newly diagnosed T2DM. Whereas, the age
older than 45 years, high waist circumference, and family history of diabetes (OR = 2.42,
95% CI 1.64; 3.54) were associated with preexisting T2DM. This study shows a high
prevalence of IFG and a high proportion of newly diagnosed T2DM in Kazakhstan. A
series of risk factors identified in the study may be used to strengthen appropriate
identification of IFG or undiagnosed patients in healthcare settings to deliver either
preventive or therapeutic interventions aimed to reduce the incidence of T2DM or the
delay of their complications. Further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these
associations in our population