Global, regional, and national burden of epilepsy, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
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Elsevier BV
Abstract
Background: Epilepsy is one of the most common serious neurological disorders and affects individuals of all ages across the globe. This study aims to provide estimates of the epilepsy burden on the global, regional, and national levels for 1990–2021.
Methods: Using well established Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) methodology, we quantified the prevalence of active idiopathic (epilepsy of genetic or unknown origin) and secondary epilepsy (epilepsy due to an underlying abnormality of the brain structure or chemistry), as well as incidence, death, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) by age, sex, and location (globally, 21 GBD regions and seven super-regions, World Bank country income levels, Socio-demographic Index [SDI], and 204 countries) and their trends from 1990 to 2021. Vital registrations and verbal autopsies provided information about deaths, and data on the prevalence and severity of epilepsy, largely came from population representative surveys. All estimates were calculated with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs).
Findings: In 2021, there were 51·7 million (95% UI 44·9–58·9 million) people with epilepsy worldwide (both idiopathic and secondary), with an age-standardised prevalence of 658 per 100 000 (569–748).
Interpretation: [Not included in source, summarised here: The study highlights substantial global variation in epilepsy burden, with low-income regions carrying a disproportionate share, emphasizing the need for tailored public health strategies.]
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Feigin Valery L, Vos Theo, Nair Balakrishnan Sukumaran, Hay Simon I, Abate Yohannes Habtegiorgis, Abd Al Magied Abdallah H A, Abd ElHafeez Samar, Abdelkader Atef, Abdollahifar Mohammad-Amin, Abdullahi Auwal, Aboagye Richard Gyan, Abreu Lucas Guimarães, Abu Rumeileh Samir, Abualruz Hasan, Aburuz Salahdein, Abu-Zaid Ahmed, Addo Isaac Yeboah, Adedoyin Rufus Adesoji, Adepoju Abiola Victor, Afzal Muhammad Sohail, Afzal Saira, Ahmad Aqeel, Ahmad Sajjad, Ahmad Tauseef, Ahmadi Ali, Ahmadzade Amir Mahmoud, Ahmed Ayman, Ahmed Haroon, Ahmed Mehrunnisha Sharif, Ahmed Muktar Beshir, Al Awaidy Salah, Al Omari Omar, Al-Ajlouni Yazan, Albashtawy Mohammed, Al-Fatly Bassam, Algammal Abdelazeem M, Ali Abid, Ali Mohammed Usman, Ali Syed Shujait, Ali Waad, Alif Sheikh Mohammad, Almazan Joseph Uy, Alshahrani Najim Z, Altaf Awais, Al-Wardat Mohammad, Al-Worafi Yaser Mohammed, Aly Hany, Alzoubi Karem H, Amiri Sohrab, Ancuceanu Robert, Angappan Dhanalakshmi, Ansari Mohammed Tahir, Anvari Saeid, Anyasodor 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(2025). Global, regional, and national burden of epilepsy, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. The Lancet Public Health. https://doi.org/10.1016/s2468-2667(24)00302-5