"This paper provides a comparative perspective on changes in the governance of U.S.
universities in the past two decades. An analysis of trends revealed in U.S. national surveys
in 1992 and 2007 shows that faculty influence in decision making has become much
more limited to personnel issues, while the influence of academic middle management -
particular department chairs and deans - has expanded, especially in matters of budget
and establishment of new academic programs, at both the expense of the faculty and even
the central university administration." ---