Abstract:
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global public health concern. DM is importantly linked to
the modern lifestyle. Lifestyle-based interventions currently represent a critical preventive and
therapeutic approach for patients with DM. Increasing physical activity has proven multiple benefits
to prevent this condition; however, there is still room for further progress in this field, especially in
terms of the effect of exercise in patients with already established DM. This study intends to examine
the economic relationship between physical activity and direct/indirect costs in patients with DM.
We analyze a national representative sample (n = 1496) of the general population of Spain, using
available data from the National Health Survey of 2017 (NHS 2017). Our results show that 63.7% of
the sample engaged in some degree of physical activity, being more frequent in men (67.5%), younger
individuals (80.0%), and those with higher educational levels (69.7%). Conversely, lower levels of
physical activity were associated with female sex, older subjects, and various comorbidities. Our
study estimates that 2151 € per (51% in direct costs) patient may be saved if a minimum level of
physical activity is implemented, primarily, due to a decrease in indirect costs (absenteeism and
presenteeism). This study shows that physical activity will bring notable savings in terms of direct
and indirect costs in patients with DM, particularly in some vulnerable groups.