Exploring the Experiences of Doctoral Student Mothers: A Comparative Study of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan

Abstract

This study addresses the research gap on doctoral student mothers (DSMs) in Central Asia by examining the experiences of 15 DSMs in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan as they navigate multiple roles. Drawing on Butler’s theory of gender and O’Reilly’s maternal theory, qualitative online interviews reveal common challenges in balancing motherhood, spousal duties, academic pursuits, and kelin (a bride or a daughter-in-law at husband’s parental home) roles, leading to feelings of guilt and inadequacy. Gender norms, lack of support, financial constraints, and negative perceptions from supervisors hinder DSMs’ academic progress, highlighting the importance of extended study timelines, supportive supervisors, and understanding institutions. Coping strategies, including support from family and peers, and self-motivation, are crucial in addressing the mental health impact of these challenges. Contrasts in experiences between Kazakhstani and Uzbekistani DSMs are evident, with Uzbekistani DSMs facing greater pressure as kelins, limited spousal support and mobility challenges to field sites, and encountering more institutional biases compared to their Kazakhstani counterparts. The study advocates for broader implications to promote equitable opportunities for DSMs in the region.