THE PRICE OF TRADITION: COMPETING AND CONFLICTING MASCULINITIES IN DULAT ISSABEKOV'S ‘GAUKHARTAS’

Abstract

This study analyses depictions of masculinity in Dulat Issabekov's 1967 novel “Gaukhartas” from a gender studies perspective. The study examines how the author contrasts traditional and soft masculinity through the characterisation of two brothers- Ybysh and Kairken- and discusses how their diverse identities influence the ultimate fate of the female heroine, Saltanat. Ybysh represents hegemonic masculinity marked by emotional detachment, domination, and commitment to patriarchal norms, particularly through his involvement in Kokpar, a national game that symbolises Kazakh manhood. Kairken symbolises alternative soft masculinity, demonstrating compassion, artistic expression, and emotional intelligence. The study analyses the role of music as an essential literary element that illustrates character relationships, conveys emotional expression, and challenges repressive gender norms. It further examines the symbolic importance of the steppe as a mirror of cultural identity, emotional understanding, and societal ideals. This work suggests that Issabekov simultaneously reflects and challenges the restrictive gender norms in Kazakh society, showing destructive effects of traditional masculinity and promoting more equitable gender relations. This research expands the under-examined area of masculinity studies within Kazakh literature and illustrates significance of topics presented in “Gaukhartas” to current dialogues on gender dynamics in Kazakhstan.