The Spread of HIV in Pakistan: Bridging of the Epidemic between Populations

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dc.contributor.authorKhanani, Muhammad R.
dc.contributor.authorSomani, Mehreen
dc.contributor.authorRehmani, Sadiq S.
dc.contributor.authorVeras, Nazle M. C.
dc.contributor.authorAli, Syed
dc.contributor.editorThorne, Claire
dc.date.accessioned2019-03-28T06:47:36Z
dc.date.available2019-03-28T06:47:36Z
dc.date.issued2011-07-25
dc.description.abstractIn the last two decades, ‘concentrated epidemics’ of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have established in several high risk groups in Pakistan, including Injecting Drug Users (IDUs) and among men who have sex with men (MSM). To explore the transmission patterns of HIV infection in these major high-risk groups of Pakistan, 76 HIV samples were analyzed from MSM, their female spouses and children, along with 26 samples from a previously studied cohort of IDUs. Phylogenetic analysis of HIV gag gene sequences obtained from these samples indicated a substantial degree of intermixing between the IDU and MSM populations, suggesting a bridging of HIV infection from IDUs, via MSM, to the MSM spouses and children. HIV epidemic in Pakistan is now spreading to the female spouses and offspring of bisexual MSM. HIV control and awareness programs must be refocused to include IDUs, MSM, as well as bisexual MSM, and their spouses and children.en_US
dc.identifier.citation: Khanani MR, Somani M, Rehmani SS, Veras NMC, Salemi M, et al. (2011) The Spread of HIV in Pakistan: Bridging of the Epidemic between Populations. PLoS ONE 6(7): e22449. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0022449en_US
dc.identifier.issn19326203
dc.identifier.urihttp://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0022449
dc.identifier.urihttp://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/3797
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherPublic Library of Scienceen_US
dc.rightsAttribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 United States*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/us/*
dc.titleThe Spread of HIV in Pakistan: Bridging of the Epidemic between Populationsen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US
workflow.import.sourcescience

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