HYBRID ENGINEERED WATER–POLYMER FLOODING IN CARBONATES: A REVIEW OF MECHANISMS AND CASE STUDIES
Loading...
Date
2020-09-02
Authors
Shakeel, Mariam
Pourafshary, Peyman
Rehan Hashmet, Muhammad
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
MDPI
Abstract
The fast depletion of oil reserves has steered the petroleum industry towards developing
novel and cost-effective enhanced oil recovery (EOR) techniques in order to get the most out of
reservoirs. Engineered water–polymer flooding (EWPF) is an emerging hybrid EOR technology that
uses the synergetic effects of engineered water (EW) and polymers to enhance both the microscopic
and macroscopic sweep efficiencies, which mainly results from: (1) the low-salinity effect and the
presence of active ions in EW, which help in detachment of carboxylic oil material from the rock
surface, wettability alteration, and reduction in the residual oil saturation; (2) the favorable mobility
ratio resulting from the use of a polymer; and (3) the improved thermal and salinity resistance of
polymers in EW. Various underlying mechanisms have been proposed in the literature for EW EOR
effects in carbonates, but the main driving factors still need to be understood properly. Both polymer
flooding (PF) and EW have associated merits and demerits. However, the demerits of each can be
overcome by combining the two methods, known as hybrid EWPF. This hybrid technique has been
experimentally investigated for both sandstone and carbonate reservoirs by various researchers.
Most of the studies have shown the synergistic benefits of the hybrid method in terms of two- to
four-fold decreases in the polymer adsorption, leading to 30–50% reductions in polymer consumption,
making the project economically viable for carbonates. EWPF has resulted in 20–30% extra oil recovery
in various carbonate coreflood experiments compared to high-salinity water flooding. This review
presents insights into the use of hybrid EWPF for carbonates, the main recovery driving factors in the
hybrid process, the advantages and limitations of this method, and some areas requiring further work.
Description
Keywords
hybrid engineered water, low salinity, polymer, surfactant, wettability, interfacial tension, mobility ratio, carbonates, Research Subject Categories::NATURAL SCIENCES, Type of access: Open Access
Citation
Shakeel, M., Pourafshary, P., & Rehan Hashmet, M. (2020). Hybrid Engineered Water–Polymer Flooding in Carbonates: A Review of Mechanisms and Case Studies. Applied Sciences, 10(17), 6087. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10176087