UNDERGRADUATE AWARENESS OF SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTIONS AND PERSPECTIVES ON INTRODUCING SEXUAL HEALTH EDUCATION COURSES: INSIGHTS FROM STUDENTS, PSYCHOLOGISTS, AND HEALTH PRACTITIONERS.

Abstract

In Kazakhstan, discussions around sexual health education remain limited, and formal courses on sexual health are virtually absent from school curricula. As a result, many undergraduate students enter university with insufficient knowledge about sexual health. While global research highlights the effectiveness of comprehensive sexual health education in reducing risky behaviors and improving public health outcomes, the topic remains controversial in Kazakhstan due to cultural and societal perceptions. In this context, the present study explores undergraduate students’ knowledge of sexual health and sheds light on their perspectives, alongside those of psychologists and health practitioners, and argues for the need for sexual health education courses in Kazakhstani universities. A qualitative research design was used, and data were collected through in-depth interviews with students, psychologists, and medical professionals in Astana and Almaty. Thematic analysis was applied to identify gaps in knowledge, prevailing attitudes, and perceived educational needs. Findings reveal that students demonstrate limited awareness of sexually transmitted infections, contraception methods, and the concept of consent. Additionally, the study highlights gender bias in sexual health education at schools and the negative societal and emotional burden of unplanned pregnancies on women. Both students and professionals strongly support integrating sexual health education into university curricula, emphasizing its role in preventing reproductive system disorders, reducing sexually transmitted infection transmission, and addressing widespread misconceptions. This study sheds light on the current state of sexual health awareness among university students in Kazakhstan and underscores the urgent need for evidence-based interventions in higher education.