MARKET BASED COORDINATION OF DISTRIBUTED ENERGY RESOURCES FOR ENABLING TRANSACTIVE ANCILLARY SERVICES

Abstract

Today, the modern grid is facing the requirement of implementing renewable-based Distributed Energy Resources (DERs) to answer environmental concerns, including global warming and growing consumption of natural resources. However, the plugging of DERs into the power grid brings new concerns regarding the proper management and scheduling of DERs. In order to address these challenges, Transactive Energy (TE) has been introduced as a new concept that consists of economic and market mechanisms to gain control over the network. Several studies focus on TE integration to distributed networks and its impacts, such as security and reliability. However, the complexity and non-intuitiveness of constructing a market-based TE framework can be one of the main obstacles to mass realization. Therefore, this thesis focuses on designing TE framework with a simplistic market communication model that encourages the active participation of grid players. In addition, most TE simulations disregard the resistivity of distribution power lines and the impact of TE on overall losses in a system. In that case, the thesis paper also studies the performance of TE in the alleviation of grid congestion on the highly resistive distribution grid. The proposed market-based TE framework is based on the double auction market and Optimal Power Flow analysis conduction to identify line congestion at each trading interval. In case of line congestion, the suggested TE framework reschedules the energy allocation and calculates Distribution Locational Marginal Price (DLMP) for each node. The simulation has been conducted on the modified IEEE 33-bus distribution system, consisting of eight DERs at different busses. The simulation results show that the proposed TE effectively eliminates line overloading compared to simplistic OPF. However, it should be noted that there is a trade-off between congestion alleviation and energy price, where suggested TE has increased energy price at the particular nodes than OPF. Moreover, the case study outcomes illustrate that TE positively impacts total system losses compared to OPF, with a maximum achieved relatively decrease of 20% in overall system loss.