Black hole mimicker hiding in the shadow: Optical properties of the γ metric

Abstract

Can the observation of the ‘shadow’ allow us to distinguish a black hole from a more exotic compact object? We study the motion of photons in a class of vacuum static axially symmetric space-times that is continuously linked to the Schwarzschild metric through the value of one parameter that can be interpreted as a measure of the deformation of the source. We investigate the lensing effect and shadow produced by the source with the aim of comparing the expected image with the shadow of a Schwarzschild black hole. In the context of astrophysical black holes, we found that it may not be possible to distinguish an exotic source with small deformation parameter from a black hole. However, as the deformation increases, noticeable effects arise. Therefore, future, more precise measurements of the shadow of astrophysical black hole candidates would in principle allow one to put constraints on the deviation of the object from spherical symmetry.