REVIEW: DETECTION AND QUANTIFICATION OF PROTEINS IN HUMAN URINE
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Date
2020-10-14
Authors
Aitekenov, Sultan
Gaipov, Abduzhappar
Bukasov, Rostislav
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Talanta
Abstract
Extensive medical research showed that patients, with high protein concentration in urine, have various kinds of
kidney diseases, referred to as proteinuria. Urinary protein biomarkers are useful for diagnosis of many health
conditions – kidney and cardio vascular diseases, cancers, diabetes, infections. This review focuses on the
instrumental quantification (electrophoresis, chromatography, immunoassays, mass spectrometry, fluorescence
spectroscopy, the infrared spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy) of proteins (the most of all albumin) in human
urine matrix. Different techniques provide unique information on what constituents of the urine are. Due to
complex nature of urine, a separation step by electrophoresis or chromatography are often used for proteomics
study of urine. Mass spectrometry is a powerful tool for the discovery and the analysis of biomarkers in urine,
however, costs of the analysis are high, especially for quantitative analysis. Immunoassays, which often come
with fluorescence detection, are major qualitative and quantitative tools in clinical analysis. While Infrared and
Raman spectroscopies do not give extensive information about urine, they could become important tools for the
routine clinical diagnostics of kidney problems, due to rapidness and low-cost. Thus, it is important to review all
the applicable techniques and methods related to urine analysis. In this review, a brief overview of each tech nique’s principle is introduced. Where applicable, research papers about protein determination in urine are
summarized with the main figures of merits, such as the limit of detection, the detectable range, recovery and
accuracy, when available.
Description
Keywords
Type of access: Open Access, Urine proteomics, Biomarkers, Human serum albumin, Immunoassays, Mass spectrometry, Fluorescence spectroscopy
Citation
Aitekenov, S., Gaipov, A., & Bukasov, R. (2021). Review: Detection and quantification of proteins in human urine. Talanta, 223, 121718. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121718