DETERMINATION OF THE CHARGE CARRIER DENSITY IN ORGANIC SOLAR CELLS: A TUTORIAL
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Date
2022
Authors
Vollbrecht, Joachim
Tokmoldin, Nurlan
Sun, Bowen
Brus, Viktor V.
Shoaee, Safa
Neher, Dieter
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Journal of Applied Physics
Abstract
The increase in the performance of organic solar cells observed over the past few years has reinvigorated the search for a deeper understanding of the loss and extraction processes in this class of device. A detailed knowledge of the density of free charge carriers under different operating conditions and illumination intensities is a prerequisite to quantify the recombination and extraction dynamics. Differential charging techniques are a promising approach to experimentally obtain the charge carrier density under the aforementioned conditions. In particular, the combination of transient photovoltage and photocurrent as well as impedance and capacitance spectroscopy have been successfully used in past studies to determine the charge carrier density of organic solar cells. In this Tutorial, these experimental techniques will be discussed in detail, highlighting fundamental principles, practical considerations, necessary corrections, advantages, drawbacks, and ultimately their limitations. Relevant references introducing more advanced concepts will be provided as well. Therefore, the present Tutorial might act as an introduction and guideline aimed at new prospective users of these techniques as well as a point of reference for more experienced researchers
Description
Keywords
Type of access: Open Access, Organic semiconductors, Capacitance spectroscopy, Solar cells, Electrical properties and parameters, Photoconductivity
Citation
Vollbrecht, J., Tokmoldin, N., Sun, B., Brus, V. V., Shoaee, S., & Neher, D. (2022). Determination of the charge carrier density in organic solar cells: A tutorial. Journal of Applied Physics, 131(22), 221101. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0094955