PUBLIC TRUST AND COVID-19 VACCINATION IN KAZAKHSTAN

Abstract

Public trust is a crucial factor that contributes to the decision to receive COVID-19 vaccination. To investigate the impact of trust on vaccination decisions in Kazakhstan, this research uses an exploratory approach, analysing trust dynamics through qualitative methods: discourse and content analysis of social media, observations, and descriptive statistics from the survey. The trust in government, state officials, health professionals, close networks, and public groups on social media is analysed through the prism of the Theory of General Trust, Social Capital Theory, and the Integrative Model of Organization Trust.

The findings reveal that trust in government and state officials plays an important role in COVID-19 vaccination rates. This research highlights the importance of transparent communication and trust-building strategies. Distrust in government is however prevalent, driven by perceptions of strategic deficiencies, ineffective work, and a lack of transparency. Trust in healthcare professionals and personal networks, like family and friends, also influence COVID-19 vaccination decisions. People often seek validation from personal experiences shared within these networks. Social media platforms, particularly Facebook and Instagram, shape public opinion on COVID-19 vaccination. However, anti-vaccine groups on social media often disseminate information perceived as credible, impacting public perceptions and behaviours. Despite questionable integrity, these groups contribute to distrust in government policies, emphasising the complexity of trust dynamics. To enhance vaccination uptake, targeting vaccination campaigns to address diverse trust dynamics, utilise local community engagement, and effectively counter misinformation on social media, is imperative.

The research acknowledges data biases and limitations, such as focusing on specific social media platforms. Continuous research is necessary to understand evolving trust dynamics and inform effective public health responses. By actively engaging communities and adapting policies based on new insights, policymakers can foster trust, enhance vaccination uptake, and improve public health outcomes in Kazakhstan. Such multifaceted approaches are essential for building trust across different networks and promoting vaccination acceptance in the population.