Abstract:
In Kazakhstan, several institutions have developed new measures of
corruption. This Article addresses the doubts that empirical analyses have
raised as to whether and to what extent existing measures of corruption
provide valid and reliable estimates of corruption levels in Kazakhstan.
Domestic institutions decided to develop the new measures after exploring
reasons international measures seemed to be failing to provide a proper
assessment of corruption in the country, with the hope that they could
generate better estimates of corruption levels across different regions, sectors,
and time...