Abstract:
In this paper, we propose a novel online centralized
algorithm for energy cooperation among energy harvesting capable
base stations (BSs) in multi-tier cellular networks. BSs are connected
to the non-renewable source used by a BS when it cannot
harvest sufficient energy to serve its connected users. BSs with
the extra harvested energy operate cooperatively and share their
surplus energy with BSs that have not harvested sufficient energy.
To stimulate BSs with energy deficit to use the shared energy
of other BSs, an energy pricing framework is established which
results in reducing of the non-renewable energy consumption. We
formulate the problem of maximizing the fairness of the renewable
energy distribution. The closed-form of energy share given to
each BS with energy deficit is found, by which the renewable
energy distribution fairness is maximized. Energy is shared by
the smart grid. The problem of minimizing the smart grid usage
cost for distributing energy is formulated and an online algorithm
is proposed to approximate its solution. Simulation results show
that the approximate algorithm reduces the non-renewable energy
consumption significantly and reduces the cost of smart grid usage
near to the optimal solution.