Fecal and Duodenal Microbiota in Pediatric Celiac Disease

Abstract

Background and Objective: The gut microbiota plays a role in regulating the host immunity. Therefore, alterations in gut microbiota (or dysbiosis) have been investigated in several gastrointestinal diseases, including celiac disease (CD). Methods: Systematic review; >2,200 titles screened, 114 full-text articles eligible; 18 pediatric studies included. Results: Eleven studied duodenal microbiota, eleven fecal microbiota; three analyzed both in the same cohorts. Conclusion: Due to heterogeneity of procedures and design, no specific celiac signature can be established in pediatric fecal/duodenal microbiota. Some fecal components, particularly Bifidobacterium spp. (e.g., B. longum), warrant further study as potential probiotics or biomarkers.