High-performance Na3V2(PO4)3/C cathode for efficient low-temperature lithium-ion batteries

Abstract

Existing cathode electrode materials used in commercially available lithium‑ion batteries (LIBs) exhibit inadequate electrochemical performance at low temperatures, significantly constraining their utility in cold climates. Promising in this context, the NASICON‑structure Na₃V₂(PO₄)₃ (NVP) nanomaterial was successfully synthesized using a modified Pechini method and then evaluated in LIBs. Benefiting from reduced particle size and mixed ions resulting from Na-to-Li ion replacement, the cathode exhibits exceptional performance at both room and low temperatures. Notably, at −20 °C, it achieves a capacity of 83.05 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.2 C, maintaining 84.33 % of its room-temperature capacity. With such remarkable efficiency, NVP emerges as a highly compelling cathode candidate for low-temperature LIB applications.