01. PhD Thesis

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Browsing 01. PhD Thesis by Subject "Analog Memory"

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    MEMRISTIVE ANALOG MEMORY FOR DEEP NEURAL NETWORK ARCHITECTURES
    (Nazarbayev University School of Engineering and Digital Sciences, 2022-03-04) Irmanova, Aidana
    Analog switching memristive devices can be used as part of the acceleration block of Neural Network circuits or the part of the building block of neuromorphic architectures at the edge solutions. Ideally, memristive devices are nanoscale, low-power resistive devices that can store an analog continuum of resistive levels with a predictable and stable mechanism of switching. Practically, memristors can be fabricated at the nano-scale, and operate at low power, however, the current state of the art of memristor technology hinders the widespread adoption of memristive neuromorphic circuits due to the system level and device level issues. The device-level issues include the variability aspects of the switching mechanism and endurance-related limitations. As analog resistive switching is a fragile process, memristors are prone to early aging, precision loss, and variability or errors. System-level issues include the design of the architecture of Neural Network as well as training schemes for fast convergence with the given limitations of the hardware resources. The memory resources are limited by the quantized analog levels of memristors. In this work, the memristors are used to build an analog memory for deep neural network architectures. For efficient use of memristive devices in neuromorphic circuits, it is required to control the resistive switching process of memristors. Controlling resistive switching enables both off and on-chip training prospects of neural network optimization. In addition, the controlling resistive switching process can be used to spot the malfunctions in the stack of memristor arrays. Such detection methods, on and off-chip training issues as well as quantizing the analog levels of memristive states are discussed in this work.