003.01. National Laboratory Astana
Permanent URI for this community
Browse
Browsing 003.01. National Laboratory Astana by Subject "aging"
Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Open Access THE EVALUATION OF CHROMOSOME TELOMERE LENGTH CHANGE AS A CRITERION OF LIFE EXPECTANCY IN BARIATRIC PRACTICE(Ожирение и метаболизм / Obesity and metabolism, 2020) Bekmurzinova, Farida K.; Ospanov, Oral B.; Akilzhanova, Ainur R.; Kozhamkulov, Ulan A.; . Rakhimova, Saule EIn recent decades, the prevalence of obesity has been steadily increasing in most countries of the world. Overweight is a risk factor for a wide range of endocrine, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, metabolic, neoplastic and musculoskeletal disorders and diseases. As you know, obesity is a state of chronic inflammation and severe oxidative stress, which will certainly affect the length of the chromosome telomeres. The dynamics of telomere length changes plays a decisive role in the regulation of cellu lar processes and cellular changes. Damage to telomeres, chromatin structures that help maintain the stability of the genome, leads to cell death or aging. However, information on how telomere length changes after weight loss through bariatric surgery remains limited to date. There are several types of bariatric surgery, each of which has its advantages and disadvantages. Based on this, it is possible that the restoration of the telomere length will differ depending on the technique used. This review de scribes the mechanisms for shortening leukocyte telomeres, and how bariatric surgery can affect this. The review also includes an analysis of evidence linking obesity and accelerated aging processes, as they are regulated by telomeresItem Open Access GALACTOSE-INDUCED SKIN AGING: THE ROLE OF OXIDATIVE STRESS(Hindawi, 2020-06-17) Umbayev, Bauyrzhan; Askarova, Sholpan; Almabayeva, Aigul; Saliev, Timur; Masoud, Abdul-Razak; Bulanin, DenisSkin aging has been associated with a higher dietary intake of carbohydrates, particularly glucose and galactose. In fact, the carbohydrates are capable of damaging the skin’s vital components through nonenzymatic glycation, the covalent attachment of sugar to a protein, and subsequent production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs). This review is focused on the role of D-galactose in the development of skin aging and its relation to oxidative stress. The interest in this problem was dictated by recent findings that used in vitro and in vivo models. The review highlights the recent advances in the underlying molecular mechanisms of D-galactose-mediated cell senescence and cytotoxicity. We have also proposed the possible impact of galactosemia on skin aging and its clinical relevance. The understanding of molecular mechanisms of skin aging mediated by D-galactose can help dermatologists optimize methods for prevention and treatment of skin senescence and aging-related skin diseases.Item Open Access GENETIC VARIANTS, METABOLOME, AND GUT MICROBIOME BIOMARKERS FOR OBESITY AND AGING IN RANDOMLY SELECTED KAZAKH INDIVIDUALS(International conference "MODERN PERSPECTIVES FOR BIOMEDICAL SCIENCES: FROM BENCH TO BEDSIDE”; National Laboratory Astana, 2020) Akilzhanova, Ainur; Rakhimova, Saule; Kozhamkulov, Ulan; Kairov, Ulykbek; Kushugulova, Almagul R.; Terwilliger, Joseph; Lee, JosephObjective: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of inter-related and heritable metabolic traits, which collectively impart unsurpassed risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and type 2diabetes. Considerable work has been done to understand the underlying disease mechanisms by elucidating its genetic etiology. Genome, Metabolome variations and gut microbiome can predict disease risk and diagnosis and help to understand molecular pathophysiology. We aimed toassess plasma metabolom differences and gut microbiome as well as genetic variants among Kazakh population to identify and characterize the genetic, metabolic profiles and host-gut microbiota interactions. Methods: Kazakhs were recruited into study after signing of informed consent in Astana, Kazakhstan. Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectroscopy (UPLC-MS/MS) (Metabolon, USA) and NGS16S rRNA gene-sequence-based methods were used. Bioinformatic and statistical analyses were performed. Results: Subjects were stratified by age (young <45y, old ≥45y), gender and BMI. 853 different biochemical indicators of the main pathways for the metabolism were identified in plasma. Results demonstrate alterations in various metabolic pathways in older participants compared to younger subjects. Metabolic differences included changes in metabolites associated with the metabolism of fatty acids, steroidogenesis, secondary carnitine metabolism, inflammation and oxidative stress. Microbiomes of older persons are characterized by a high level of microorganisms involved in the processing of plant substrates, butyrate- producing bacteria and also has higher values of opportunistic microorganisms, representatives of the Tenericutes family. The biodiversity index of the microbiome of older persons is reduced in comparison with the biodiversity index in younger participants. This may indicate the influence on the microbiome characteristics of such factors as genotype, nutrition, lifestyle.Genetic risk factors associated with the obesity and hypertension were identified. Conclusions: Understanding plasma metabolome and gut microbiome is essential to the development of future personalized strategies of healthcare. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have been widely utilized albeit with modest success in identifying variants that are associated with more than two metabolic traits. Further studies with detailed analysis are needed to clarify host-gut genetic and metbolome interactions. Study was supported by a grant from the Ministry Education and Science, Republic of Kazakhstan (BR05236508).Item Open Access POLYPHENOLS AS CALORIC-RESTRICTION MIMETICS AND AUTOPHAGY INDUCERS IN AGING RESEARCH(MDPI, 2020-05-08) Yessenkyzy, Assylzhan; Saliev, Timur; Zhanaliyeva, Marina; Masoud, Abdul-Razak; Umbayev, Bauyrzhan; Sergazy, Shynggys; Krivykh, Elena; Gulyayev, Alexander; Nurgozhin, TalgatIt has been thought that caloric restriction favors longevity and healthy aging where autophagy plays a vital role. However, autophagy decreases during aging and that can lead to the development of aging-associated diseases such as cancer, diabetes, neurodegeneration, etc. It was shown that autophagy can be induced by mechanical or chemical stress. In this regard, various pharmacological compounds were proposed, including natural polyphenols. Apart from the ability to induce autophagy, polyphenols, such as resveratrol, are capable of modulating the expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic factors, neutralizing free radical species, affecting mitochondrial functions, chelating redox-active transition metal ions, and preventing protein aggregation. Moreover, polyphenols have advantages compared to chemical inducers of autophagy due to their intrinsic natural bio-compatibility and safety. In this context, polyphenols can be considered as a potential therapeutic tool for healthy aging either as a part of a diet or as separate compounds (supplements). This review discusses the epigenetic aspect and the underlying molecular mechanism of polyphenols as an anti-aging remedy. In addition, the recent advances of studies on NAD-dependent deacetylase sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) regulation of autophagy, the role of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in cells senescence and their regulation by polyphenols have been highlighted as well. Apart from that, the review also revised the latest information on how polyphenols can help to improve mitochondrial function and modulate apoptosis (programmed cell death).