5 Patient specific in situ 3D printing

Abstract

Abstract In this chapter, we will focus on how 3D printer technology is transforming traditional medicine into a personalized approach, giving an overview of the technology advancement and its clinical applications. First, we will discuss why personalization in medicine is required, its benefits for the patients and how 3D printing technology can address this need for the patient specific treatment solutions. Basic capabilities of 3D printers and the three most common 3D printing technologies used in medical applications will be covered as well. The second section focuses on current and potential medical applications of 3D printing. The main medical applications can be arranged into three categories: (1) 3D bioprinting of organs and tissues; (2) patient specific medical devices: prosthetics and implants; and (3) 3D models for surgical preparation. Here, we will discuss 3D printing of living cells, in situ 3D bioprinting directly to the defect site, some successful cases of the implantation of various 3D constructs and the production of precise anatomical models for surgical trainings. Lastly, we will highlight challenges and emerging technology developments for the printing of functional organ constructs and medical devices.