A Lumped-Parameter Model for Nonlinear Waves in Graphene

Abstract

A lumped-parameter nonlinear spring-mass model which takes into account the third-order elastic sti ness constant is considered for mod- eling the free and forced axial vibrations of a graphene sheet with one xed end and one free end with a mass attached. It 's demonstrated through this simple model that, in free vibration, within certain initial energy level and depending upon its length and the nonlinear elas- tic constants, there exist bounded periodic solutions which are non- sinusoidal, and that for each xed energy level, there is a bifurcation point depending upon material constants, beyond which the periodic solutions disappear. The amplitude, frequency, and the corresponding wave solutions for both free and forced harmonic vibrations are cal- culated analytically and numerically. Energy sweep is also performed for resonance applications.