THE INSTITUTIONAL MIDDLE-INCOME TRAP
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Date
2016
Authors
Tray, Dennis
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
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Abstract
Most students of international development are familiar with the term “middleincome
trap,” which refers to the penchant for countries to reach middle-income status
and then stagnate1. In this short note I am proposing a similar and related phenomenon:
the “institutional middle-income trap” or “institutional reform trap” whereby institutional
development in middle-income developing countries starts out well but then stagnates, or
does not reach its goal – which is usually to develop a world class institution. Universities
are a particular example of this phenomenon. These observations are based on extensive
institution building experience in 10 developing countries, more than half of which are
classified as middle-income. They are also initial thoughts on which I plan to build in the
future
Description
Keywords
The fifth Eurasian Higher Education Leaders’ Forum, Higher Education, middle-income trap
Citation
Dennis de Tray; 2016; THE INSTITUTIONAL MIDDLE-INCOME TRAP; GSE; EURASIAN HIGHER EDUCATION LEADERS’ FORUM 2016; http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/2352