Аннотации:
Aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) is a cancer stem cell marker. Retinoic acid has antitumor properties, including the induction of
apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation. Retinal, the precursor of retinoic acid, can be oxidized to retinoic acid by dehydrogenases,
including ALDH. We hypothesized that retinal could potentially be transformed to retinoic acid with higher efficiency by cancer
stem cells, due to the higher ALDH activity. We previously observed that ALDH activity is greater in highly metastatic K7M2
osteosarcoma (OS) cells than in nonmetastatic K12 OS cells. We also demonstrated that ALDH activity correlates with clinical
metastases in bone sarcoma patients, suggesting that ALDH may be a therapeutic target specific to cells with high metastatic
potential.Our current results demonstrated that retinal preferentially affected the phenotypes of ALDH-highK7M2 cells in contrast
to ALDH-low K12 cells, which could be mediated by themore efficient transformation of retinal to retinoic acid by ALDH in K7M2
cells. Retinal treatment of highly metastatic K7M2 cells decreased their proliferation, invasion capacity, and resistance to oxidative
stress. Retinal altered the expression of metastasis-related genes. These observations indicate that retinal may be used to specifically
target metastatic cancer stem cells in OS.