2024-03-29T13:44:53Zhttp://nur.nu.edu.kz/oai/requestoai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/8302021-02-05T10:25:51Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Rojas-Solorzano, L.
author
1997-05-10
The receptivity and stability of steady non-separated and unsteady separated boundary layers in a two-dimensional airfoil cascade flow is investigated by Direct Numerical Simulation of the time-dependent Navier-stokes and continuity equations. The study includes the effects caused by the introduction of free-steam time-harmonic disturbances. The calculation of the transport, generation and dissipation of Fluctuating Kinetic Energy is introduced as a non-classical technique in the analysis
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/830
Research Subject Categories::TECHNOLOGY::Engineering mechanics
mechanical engineering
fluid mechanics
Boundary layer receptivity and resonance caused by tuned disturbances within cascade flows
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/12422021-02-05T10:25:53Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Sagin, Jay
author
2010-12
The lack of adequate field measurements (e.g., precipitation and stream flow) and
difficulty in obtaining them often hampers the construction and calibration of rainfallrunoff
models over many of the world’s watersheds, leaving key elements of the
hydrologic cycle unconstrained. We adopted methodologies that rely heavily on readily
available remote sensing datasets as viable alternatives and useful tools for assessing,
managing, and modeling the water resources of such remote and inadequately gauged
regions. The Soil and Water Assessment Tool was selected for continuous (1998–2005)
rainfall-runoff modeling of the northeast part of the Pishin Lora basin (NEPL), a
politically unstable area that lacks adequate rain gauge and stream flow data. To account
for the paucity of rain gauge and stream flow gauge data, input to the model included
satellite-based Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission TRMM precipitation data. Modeled
runoff was calibrated against satellite-based observations including: (1) monthly
estimates of the water volumes impounded by the Khushdil Khan (latitude 30° 40'N,
longitude 67° 40'E) and the Kara Lora (latitude 30° 34'N, longitude 66° 52'E) reservoirs,
and (2) inferred wet versus dry conditions in streams across the NEPL throughout this
period. Calibrations were also conducted against observed flow reported from the Burj
Aziz Khan station at the NEPL outlet (latitude 30°20'N; longitude 66°35'E). Model
simulations indicate that (1) average annual precipitation (1998–2005), surface runoff,
and net recharge are 1,300 × 106 m3, 148 × 106 m3, and 361 × 106 m3, respectively; (2)
within the NEPL watershed, precipitation and runoff are high for the northeast
(precipitation: 194 mm/year; runoff: 38 × 106 m3/year) and northwest (134 mm/year; 26 ×
106 m3/y) basins compared to the southern basin (124 mm/year; 8 × 106 m3/year); and (3)
construction of delay action dams in the northeast and northwest basins of the NEPL
could increase recharge from 361 × 106 m3/year up to 432 × 106 m3/year and achieve
sustainable extraction. The adopted methodologies are not a substitute for traditional
approaches that require extensive field datasets, but they could provide first-order
estimates for rainfall, runoff, and recharge in the arid and semi-arid parts of the world
that are inaccessible and/or lack adequate coverage with stream flow and precipitation
data.
Jay Sagin; 2010; Integrated Approach for the Assessment and Development of Groundwater Resources in Arid Lands: Applications in the Quetta Valley, Pakistan
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/1242
Groundwater Resources
Integrated Approach for the Assessment and Development of Groundwater Resources in Arid Lands: Applications in the Quetta Valley, Pakistan
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/12492021-02-05T10:25:55Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Sagin, Jay
author
2006-05
Outer Cape Cod (Massachusetts) is dominated by active and stabilizing parabolic
and transverse dunes interspersed with numerous inter-dune wetlands. Dune migration has been significantly affected by human activities; conversely, current dune movements are affecting local populations. The objective of the reported research was to assess, using remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS) technologies, migration of the Cape Cod dunes and the effect of dune movement on distribution of associated wetlands. Aerial photographs from 1938 through 2003 were analyzed to track individual dune movements and subsequent wetland propagation and expansion. Absolute dune movement rates during this period were computed, with a plot of dune movement as a cumulative function. One sub-problem of this study was to quantify ‘white’ areas of active moving sand and ‘dark’ areas of vegetation, in order to quantify changes in vegetative cover with wetland propagation and, conversely, vegetative disappearance with dune movement. Attempts were made to correlate the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) with dune migration. Based on review of aerial photographs, parabolic dunes have migrated 150 to 250 m since 1938, with 60% of the movement occurring between 1938 and 1977. The relation between absolute parabolic dune migration and corresponding PDSI is approximately logarithmic. Maximum dune migration is associated with PDSI values lower than –2 and reflects moderate drought conditions. Wetlands consistently trailed the dunes, and the distance of wetland movement was related to dune movement distances. Wetland migration was particularly marked from the 1950s to the 1980s. Based on review of georeferenced aerial photographs, it is concluded that marked stabilization of Cape Cod dunes occurred in the 1980s and 1990s, with renewed movement in the 21st Century. This
study provides a practical application for assessment of dune migration and vegetative
transformations over time using remote sensing and GIS technologies
Zhanay Sagintayev; 2006; Relationship between 20th Century Dune Migration and Wetland Formation at Cape Cod National Seashore, Massachusetts
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/1249
Dune migration
Relationship between 20th Century Dune Migration and Wetland Formation at Cape Cod National Seashore, Massachusetts
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/22942023-11-11T14:45:48Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Faiznur, Alibek
author
2017-01
Nowadays, Isogeometric Analysis has become an effective alternative to traditional Design to Analysis process which uses the same geometry standard both for Design and Analysis purposes. However, NURBS, currently used in Isogeometric Analysis standard, has the limitation of rectangular topology, which results in many superfluous control points. Such points increase the computation time of simulation processes. Moreover, complex object models are composed of a number of NURBS patches, and thus, the designer has to spend time to revise the connectivity between the surfaces. Recently, T-splines surface was explored to overcome the limitations of NURBS. This paper provides the analysis of T-spline implementation in Isogeometric Analysis. It starts from mathematical definition of NUBRS and T-splines, then it describes implementation of T-splines in Rhino and provides the developed program which defines T-mesh parameters.
Faiznur, Alibek (2017) T-MESHES AND T-SPLINE MODELLING FOR FREE-FORM SHAPE REPRESENTATIONS AND ISOGEOMETRIC ANALYSIS.Thesis. Nazarbayev University School of Engineering, Department of Mechanical Engineering.
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/2294
Isogeometric Analysis
T-Splines
B-Spline Curve
Research Subject Categories::TECHNOLOGY::Information technology::Computer science::Software engineering
T-MESHES AND T-SPLINE MODELLING FOR FREE-FORM SHAPE REPRESENTATIONS AND ISOGEOMETRIC ANALYSIS
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/22952023-11-11T14:45:48Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Myrzagaliyev, Azat
author
2016-12
This thesis provides estimates of energy potential of biogas produced from a
landfill in Astana in the form of electricity, as well as the economic assessment of
the proposed power plant design. The goals were accomplished by first assuring a
sufficient amount of landfill gas production rate. Then, a field work was carried to
determine the precise biogas content. Theoretical calculations were done using the
empirical equations recommended by the US Environmental Protection Agency
(EPA).
The energy model was simulated on ASPEN Plus. To reduce the concentration
of corrosive hydrogen sulfide (H2S) in the gas, a model of a water scrubbing system
was simulated in this work. Further, to obtain a maximum rate of power production,
the upgraded biogas was utilized in a combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) unit. By
adding the Rankine cycle to the Brayton cycle to build up the combined system, the
efficiency of the system increased from 35% to 49%, with 5 MWh power output.
After obtaining the results of the energy model, the economic viability of the
project was evaluated. The analysis showed that with right investment terms, the
project is highly profitable. With equity payback period of 2 years, the NPV of the
project was above 6.5 billion KZT, and annual life cycle savings around 1 billion
KZT.
Azat Myrzagaliyev; 2016; Process Modelling of Biogas Utilization System for the Landfill in Astana; School of Engineering. Department of Mechanical Engineering. Nazarbayev University; http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/2295
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/2295
Biogas Utilization
Astana
Process Modelling of Biogas Utilization System for the Landfill in Astana
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/22962023-11-11T14:45:48Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Kazmaganbetova, Meruyert
author
2016-12
Kazakhstan is emerged as a result of Soviet Union dissolution and it has
9th largest territory in the world. Despite its large territory Kazakhstan has low
population density. Kazakhstan is rich of fossil fuels, particularly oil, coal and
gas. Its economy is highly carbon intensive and coal plays an important role in
electricity production, accounting for 75 % of electricity produced. Due to poor
quality coal, low energy efficiency and high energy intensity Kazakhstan’s
emissions are amongst highest in the world. Such an environmental issue
challenged Kazakhstan to diversify the economy and take measures such as
improving the efficiency of power plants, reducing the sectoral energy intensity
and adoption of renewable energy sources.
Kazakhstan has huge amount of renewable and non-renewable energy
sources. The total potential of renewable energy sources in Kazakhstan is much
higher than the total installed capacity of power plants operating in Kazakhstan.
Along with high renewable energy sources potential, Kazakhstan established
feed-in tariffs for the electricity generated by renewable energy sources.
However, it is necessary to achieve a balance between economic
competitiveness and the need to respond to the threat of climate change. Thus,
current research aims at modeling the implementation of subsidies for renewable
energy sources on regional basis using tool TIMES and observing the effect of
different levels of subsidies on the electricity production sector and emissions.
Meruyert Kazmaganbetova; 2016; Regional energy system modeling with alternative energy sources in Kazakhstan; School of Engineering. Department of Mechanical Engineering. Nazarbayev University; http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/2296
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/2296
energy system
alternative energy
Kazakhstan
Regional energy system modeling with alternative energy sources in Kazakhstan
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/22972023-11-11T14:45:48Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Almakhan, Mukhammed
author
2016-12
In recent years, there have been increasing advances in the field of wind
farms. A growing interest for wind farms brings, at the same time concerns
about potential impacts on the environment. An extensive study has been
conducted to contribute to the existing knowledge about influences of wind
energy systems on the environment. The study involves the following stages: to
measure the environmental impact of a single Vesta NM82 wind
turbine, including all stages from raw material extraction to the end of life stage;
in the next stage, the emissions resulting from electricity generation by wind
energy extraction and coal use and combustion are compared.
This study also demonstrates the potential of wind energy production
sector and the necessity in development of energy production from renewable
sources. In addition, this study demonstrates the importance of material
recycling, which alleviates some of the negative impacts to the environment.
During the research, it was realized that wind turbines, combined with
additional energy sources, have significantly lower impact to the environment in
comparison with coal energy. Furthermore, proper selection of materials is
found to be one of the most important issues that one should take into account
Mukhammed Almakhan; 2016; Life Cycle Analysis for Wind Turbines and/or other Electricity Generation Technologies from Renewable Sources; School of Engineering. Department of Mechanical Engineering. Nazarbayev University; http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/2297
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/2297
Electricity
Renewable Sources
Wind Turbines
Life Cycle Analysis for Wind Turbines and/or other Electricity Generation Technologies from Renewable Sources
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/22982021-02-05T04:29:45Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Mukhanov, Nurzhan
author
2017-01-01
Mankind has long been looking for opportunities to return the deficient parts of bodies for people with disabilities. This is especially applicable to the loss or congenital absence of arm, which requires a functional and light prosthesis to improve the quality of a person’s life. However, it is rarely possible to combine these two features in the prosthesis without compromising one of them. Improvement in one of these parameters leads to a deterioration of another: it usually becomes necessary to choose between functionality and the weight.
Thus, the question arises about the possibility of creating a prosthesis that is both functional and lightweight. To create highly functional, light prosthesis with subsequently optimized design, and less weak areas, it is necessary to establish a more detailed understanding of the system, to recreate the model of the movement and to understand the kinematics and kinetostatics of the prosthesis.
To address this issue, the use of four-bar linkage system in prosthesis will be presented in this thesis. Also, the thesis will discuss the reasons why this model of prosthesis was chosen, the principle of work of the four-bar linkage system in the prosthetic finger mechanism, and provide its kinematic and kinetostatic analysis.
Nurzhan Mukhanov; 2017; KINEMATIC AND KINETOSTATIC ANALYSIS OF A THREE-FINGER UNDERACTUATED PROSTHETIC HAND; School of Engineering. Department of Mechanical Engineering. Nazarbayev University; http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/2298
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/2298
prosthesis
four-bar linkage system
KINEMATIC AND KINETOSTATIC ANALYSIS OF A THREE-FINGER UNDERACTUATED PROSTHETIC HAND
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/22992024-02-19T11:03:40Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Omarali, Bukeikhan
author
This thesis reports the authors’ results on developing a real-time predictive
control system for an Universal Robot UR5 robotic arm through human
motion capture with a visualization environment built in the Blender Game Engine.
The UR5 is a 6 degree of freedom serial manipulator commonly used
in academia and light industry. It is a very safe robot by design that comes
at a cost of a rather limited API with very little support of real-time operation.
The motion tracking is performed by a wireless low-cost inertial motion capture
setup produced in-house. The motion tracker is an extension of author’s previous
work on replacing a forearm IMU in conventional inertial motion tracking
suits with a potentiometer in order remove anatomical constraints from corresponding
data fusion algorithms. The external controller incorporates an iTaSC
SDLS IK solver and a Python wrapped C explicit model predictive controller
generated using the Multi Parametric Toolbox. The visualisation provides the
user with the feedback on the robot’s progress towards the target. It is planned
to extend the visualisation to virtual reality in future.
Tests have shown that the robot follows the operator’s wrist position and
orientation with an average of 0.05sec. time lag in the case when the operator
moves under the robot’s velocity and acceleration limits. When the operator
moves too fast for the robot to keep up in real-time, the robot is able to catch
up with the operator with little or no overshooting. Thesis results are described
in a late-breaking report and demo accepted by the 12th annual IEEE/ACM
international conference Human-Robot Interaction (HRI2017).
Bukeikhan Omarali; 2009; REAL TIME PREDICTIVE CONTROL OF UR5 ROBOTIC ARM THROUGH HUMAN UPPER LIMB MOTION TRACKING; School of Engineering. Department of Mechanical Engineering. Nazarbayev University; http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/2299
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/2299
Universal Robot UR5
robotic arm
Blender Game Engine
REAL TIME PREDICTIVE CONTROL OF UR5 ROBOTIC ARM THROUGH HUMAN UPPER LIMB MOTION TRACKING
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/23002023-11-11T14:45:48Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Bocharov, Sergey
author
2017-01
Shape optimization has become a necessity in our pursuit for performance
and efficiency in highly competitive fields ranging from engineering and science
and finishing to medicine and agriculture. This plethora of shape-related
problems gives rise to the requirement of flexible and generic frameworks that
can address a wide series of problems. In our work, we closely examine the
development of such a framework for the case of fluid flows around airfoils but
we implement it in a way that would allow the extension of our approach to
different areas of application. Commercial software packages like Solidworks or
Ansys offer an advanced modeling and analysis environment but they do not
come up with the required flexibility and customization capability demanded in
our endeavor. On the other hand, the open source software package like
OpenFOAM coupled with Matlab proved to be an efficient combination for our
purposes. As a benchmark case for the framework, airfoil shapes are optimized
at a single-point operating condition with fixed flow parameters. The Matlab's
implementations for constrained nonlinear optimization drive the shape
optimization process in our framework. The parametric model is based on the
NURBS curve representation and the resulting airfoil instances are generated
with the aid of eight parameters. Airfoil's performance is evaluated via
appropriate flow analysis solvers for the selected range of applications. The
framework's capabilities are demonstrated in the optimization of a given airfoil
6
shape with respect to its lift coefficient. Specifically, a 4% increase is attained
for the lift coefficient while the shape parameters are constrained to deviate up to
0.5% from the initial values.
Sergey Bocharov; 2017; PARAMETRIC MODELING FOR SHAPE OPTIMIZATION; School of Engineering. Department of Mechanical Engineering. Nazarbayev University; http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/2300
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/2300
Shape optimization
PARAMETRIC MODELING FOR SHAPE OPTIMIZATION
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/23012021-02-05T04:29:54Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Dorzhigulov, Anuar
author
2016-12-09
The processing of the graphical data is popular methodology of obtaining
important information. However, there is a major drawback: it typically requires
large computational resources. The human brain is an excellent example of the
efficient image processing hardware, due to the fact the biological visual system
can allow to easily and quickly obtain the information of the world around, such
as object identification and movement detection.
In particular, there is one element of the biological visual system that has unique
functionality in image processing, which is lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN).
Ganglion cells, which are terminated in LGN, have high sensitivity to the image
spatial intensity difference. This cell feature is used for pre-processing of the
visual data before being modulated and relayed to the main processing module,
visual cortex. As a result, the processing load on cortex is reduced, due to the
pre-processing of the data.
The aim of the project is to develop the algorithm for visual features extraction,
such as edge detection, based on the structure and properties similar to the LGN,
with a possibility of the hardware model implementation. Preliminary results show the edge detection property of the proposed method. Moreover, the measured performance is comparable to other popular edge detection techniques, even exceeding expectations to small extent in the noisy environment.
Dorzhigulov, Anuar (2016) SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NEUROMORPHIC LGN BASED IMAGE PROCESSING AND FEATURE EXTRACTION. Nazarbayev University School of Engineering, Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering.
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/2301
human visual system
Biological visual system
Thresholding
Research Subject Categories::TECHNOLOGY::Information technology::Computer science::Software engineering
SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE NEUROMORPHIC LGN BASED IMAGE PROCESSING AND FEATURE EXTRACTION
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/23122021-02-05T04:29:56Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Kunakbayev, Aslzhan
author
2016-12
Multilevel converters are frequently used in high and medium power applications. The challenge associated with successful operation of multilevel converters, is the voltage balancing. There are two major techniques dedicated to deal with the voltage balancing, namely: natural and active voltage balancing techniques. Natural balancing is more preferable, since it does not require sensing and in-time controlling equipment. Accepted methods of natural balancing investigation is based on the manipulations of the frequency components. This methods imply heavy computations and not general solutions. In contrast, time-domain analysis, proposed in this paper, produces simple closed-form solutions and requires simple mathematical calculations. The project is focused on performing time-domain analysis in order to investigate natural balancing characteristics of Combined H-Bridge Flying Capacitor Converter (HFCC) converter, for which natural balancing investigations is not reported in literature yet. Modulation strategy was obtained using Matlab software simulation and were implemented with PWM control and Matlab Simulink interface. Obtained results have demonstrated the fast balancing rates with natural balancing, for the majority part of modulation range. In addition, produced analytical equations, that describe voltage balancing dynamics do not require heavy computational effort and could be calculated online.
Aslzhan Kunakbayev; 2016; NATURAL VOLTAGE BALANCING IN HYBRID FCC MULTILEVEL CONVERTER; School of Engineering. Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering. Nazarbayev University; http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/2312
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/2312
Combined H-Bridge Flying Capacitor Converter
NATURAL VOLTAGE BALANCING IN HYBRID FCC MULTILEVEL CONVERTER
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/23132021-02-05T04:29:59Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Bakir, Daniyar
author
2017
Classical statistical and signal processing techniques are not generally
useful in situations wherein the dimensionality (p) of observations is comparable
or exceeding the sample size (n). This is mainly due to the fact that
the performance of these techniques is guaranteed through classical notion of
statistical consistency, which is itself fashioned for situations wherein n >> p.
Statistical consistency has been viogorously used in the past century to develop
many signal processing and statistical learning techniques. However, in recent
years, two sets of mathematical machineries have emerged that show the possibility
of developing superior techniques suitable for analyzing high-dimensional
observations, i.e., situations where p >> n. In this thesis, we refer to these
techniques, which are grounded either in double asymptotic regimes or sparsity
assumptions, as high-dimensional techniques.
In this thesis, we examine and develop a set of high-dimensional techniques
with applications in classification. The thesis is mainly divided to three
parts. In the first part, we introduce a novel approach based on double asymptotics
to estimate the regularization parameter used in a well-known technique
known as RLDA classifier. We examine the robustness of the developed approach
to Gaussianity, an assumption used in developing the core estimator.
The performance of the technique in terms of accuracy and efficiency is verified
against other popular methods such as cross-validation. In the second part of
the thesis, the performance of the newly developed RLDA and several other
classifiers are compared in situations where p is comparable or exceeding n.
While in the first two parts of the thesis, we focus more on double asympii
totic methods, in the third part, we study two important class of techniques
based on sparsity assumption. One of these techniques known as LASSO has
gained much attention in recent years within the statistical community, while the
second one, known as compressed sensing, has become very popular in signal
processing literature. Although both of these techniques use sparsity assumptions
as well as L1 minimization, the objective functions and constrains they are
constructed on are different. In the third part of the thesis, we demonstrate the
application of both techniques in high-dimensional classification and compare
them in terms of shrinkage rate and classification accuracy
Daniyar Bakir; 2007; HIGH-DIMENSIONAL SIGNAL PROCESSING AND STATISTICAL LEARNING; School of Engineering. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering. Nazarbayev University; http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/2313
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/2313
HIGH-DIMENSIONAL SIGNAL PROCESSING AND STATISTICAL LEARNING
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/23142021-02-05T04:30:01Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Dastanova, Nazgul
author
2016
This thesis presents moving object detection algorithm using bit plane
extraction of successive frames and comparing the respective bit planes by XOR
operation. The proposed methodworks on 8-bit grayscale video frames obtained
from a static camera. This algorithm is able to detect the motion of single and
multiple objects in outside and inside environments.
Algorithm has been implemented in MATLAB by using several videos
from VISOR database and was compared to existing conventional methods to
show its effectiveness. Performance of an algorithm was evaluated based on
ground truth metrics and results in terms of sensitivity, specificity, positive
prediction and accuracy proved the validity of it. Results show that the proposed
algorithm performs better in terms of mentioned metrics in comparison to other
algorithms.
i
Nazgul Dastanova; 2016; MOVING OBJECT DETECTION USING BIT PLANE SLICING; School of Engineering. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering. Nazarbayev University; http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/2314
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/2314
moving object detection
MOVING OBJECT DETECTION USING BIT PLANE SLICING
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/23152021-02-05T04:35:25Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Urtanbayev, Nurlan
author
2016-12
Multilevel converters are power conversion devices consisting of voltage sources and semiconductor switches. This work was motivated by the fact that majority of the conducted research estimates converter quality using frequency-domain approach, which is requires tones of calculation. As an alternative for frequency-domain approach, time-domain evaluation method, developed in a recent time, was selected. This method brings novelty in deep-seated method of convertor evaluation, based on frequency-domain. General goal of this thesis is to demonstrate competency and applicability of time-domain optimization method on online adaptive inverter systems. Work will be focused on development of algorithm for calculation of optimal parameters for single phase CHB converter. Modulation optimization and local minimum finding algorithms are developed and discussed in this work. Moreover, combination of SHE and THD minimization techniques was designed and simulated. Obtained results coincide with those presented so far. However, majority of the results are novel, and has not presented to community yet. Future work will focus on development of the optimization algorithm for three-phase inverters.
Nurlan Urtanbayev; 2016; TIME DOMAIN EVALUATION OF MULTILEVEL CONVERTERS VOLTAGE AND CURRENT QUALITY; School of Engineering. Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering. Nazarbayev University; http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/2315
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/2315
Multilevel converters
convertor evaluation
CHB converter
TIME DOMAIN EVALUATION OF MULTILEVEL CONVERTERS VOLTAGE AND CURRENT QUALITY
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/23162021-02-05T04:35:25Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Duisenbay, Sultan
author
2016
This thesis is dedicated to the hardware implementation of a novel moving
object detection algorithm. Proposed circuit includes several stages, each of
which implements a particular step of the algorithm. Four higher bit planes are
extracted from a grayscale image and stored in memristive crossbar arrays, and
the respective bit planes are compared via memristive threshold logic gates in
XOR configuration. In the next stage, compared bit planes are combined by
weighted summation, with a highest weight assigned to MSB plane and smaller
weights for less significant bit planes. After summation stage, obtained grayscale
image is thresholded to obtain binary image. The last stage is implemented via
memristive content-addressable memory array, which serves two purposes. It
is used as a long-term memory in comparison to crossbar arrays, which serve
as a short-term memory of proposed circuit. Content-addressable memory
is updated based on the row-by-row difference between first and second pair
of frames processed by previous stages. It also allows for analysis of object
movement direction and velocity by observing the row capacitors’ discharge.
Simulations show that accuracy of proposed circuit operation is increased with
the larger array size. Delay analysis of the circuit is carried out, power and area
calculations show that proposed circuit is a viable candidate as a co-processing
operator for existing image sensors.
Sultan Duisenbay; 2016; MOVING OBJECT DETECTION WITH MEMRISTIVE CROSSBAR ARRAYS; School of Engineering. Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering. Nazarbayev University; http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/2316
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/2316
object detection algorithm
MOVING OBJECT DETECTION WITH MEMRISTIVE CROSSBAR ARRAYS
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/23172021-02-05T04:35:27Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Ashimbayeva, Aigerim
author
2016
The thesis is dedicated to analysis and comparison between hard switching
and soft switching methods for hybrid VLC/RF systems. VLC communication is
well known for its efficient high data rate service for use in indoor environment,
however it is vulnerable to the line-of-sight obstruction. Its counterpart, RF
communication, is easy to implement and efficient as a back up means.
Optimization of the VLC/RF heterogeneous systems in terms of the overall
throughput is the novelty in the field of related studies on VLC technology based
hybrid systems. It allows not only to improve the system’s bit rate but also to find
the most favorable initial parameters for a system. The results of simulations
performed reveal the remarkable superiority of the soft switching scheme and
VLC-RF throughput functions interrelationship.
Aigerim Ashimbayeva; 2016; PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF HYBRID VLC/RF SYSTEMS; School of Engineering Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering Nazarbayev University; http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/2317
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/2317
VLC communication
VLC/RF heterogeneous systems
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF HYBRID VLC/RF SYSTEMS
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/23182021-02-05T04:35:28Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Nurmanova, Venera
author
2016
Feasibility study on implementing wind power generation on moving train is discussed in this Thesis. Wind turbines installation over the train roof is suggested and tested from different aspects. Practical aspects of wind energy utilization are discussed and challenges are highlighted. Calculations of wind power generation for wagon roof mounted turbine are provided and air drag of turbine is discussed. Simulation study is performed in SolidWorks environment to explore air drag influence of wind turbines on moving train. Simulation of wind power generation is also conducted in MATLAB Simulink. Analytically the generated power is compared to mechanical power required to overcome the extra air drag caused by wind turbines over the train wagons.
Economical profit of the suggested design is also discussed in detail. The fuel economy and resultant decrease of the carbon dioxide emission have shown the reasonableness of investments on wind turbine implementation on the passenger trains. The payback period calculations for different scenarios are also discussed at the end.
Venera Nurmanova; 2016; FEASIBILITY STUDY ON WIND ENERGY HARVESTING SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION IN MOVING TRAINS; School of Engineering. Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering. Nazarbayev University; http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/2318
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/2318
wind power
moving train
FEASIBILITY STUDY ON WIND ENERGY HARVESTING SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION IN MOVING TRAINS
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/23192021-02-05T04:35:29Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Bekkaliyev, Talgat
author
2016
Current fluorescent and incandescent lamps are being replaced by solid state Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), which offers much higher energy efficiency and longer lifespan. Apart from that LEDs are able to switch on and off at rapid rates. Such capability has given a lift to new communication technology – Visible Light Communication (VLC). LED serves as a transmitter, by providing high throughput data transfer, while photodiode or optical camera are utilized as a receiver.
This thesis experimentally investigates a VLC system that uses a camera receiver. We first analyze the system with simple On-Off Keying (OOK) technique and further propose an alternative technique – Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM), which increases the data rate and avoids visible flickering.
Furthermore, this thesis investigates VLC exploiting rolling shutter mechanism of CMOS images sensors with OOK. The Bit Error Rate (BER) performance and some characteristics of systems are presented. Next, VLC utilizing rolling shutter mechanism with Color-Shift Keying (CSK) is developed. Such a system achieved substantially higher data rates compared to VLC exploiting rolling shutter mechanism with OOK.
Talgat Bekkaliyev; 2016; EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF VLC SYSTEMS WITH CAMERA RECEIVER; School of Engineering. Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering. Nazarbayev University
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/2319
VLC system
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF VLC SYSTEMS WITH CAMERA RECEIVER
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/23202021-02-05T04:35:29Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Kudaibergenov, Zhaksylyk
author
2016
This Thesis is concentrated on feasibility of solar energy harvesting system implementation on top of the moving train. Following study consists of two different ways of solar energy generation. Firstly, solar system consisting of solar panels with supplementary equipments (the charge controllers, batteries, inverters) is fitted to the roof of train coaches to supply its internal energy requirement, and secondly, solar system is implemented over the shelter of platform in train stations to feed the railway grid. Then solar-powered train travels on two specific key routes from south to the north and from south to the west of Kazakhstan are simulated and studied in detail.
Above described method has practical challenges in facing variable air temperature, solar radiation and sunshine hours. This data is obtained from the NASA database, and the variable parameters for each station are calculated in MATLAB.
Afterwards, the entire solar system is simulated in MATLAB Simulink and the total required investment is calculated including costs of all equipments. The return investment time is calculated according to the power generated from solar system and saved money from fuel economy. Moreover, solar-powered train shows the significant cut of carbon dioxide emission because of the fuel
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economy. Both of the payback time and decreasing of CO2 emission reveal the benefits of investment.
Zhaksylyk Kudaibergenov; 2016; FEASIBILITY STUDY ON SOLAR ENERGY HARVESTING SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION ON MOVING TRAINS; School of Engineering. Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering. Nazarbayev University; http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/2320
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/2320
solar energy
solar energy harvesting system
FEASIBILITY STUDY ON SOLAR ENERGY HARVESTING SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION ON MOVING TRAINS
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/23232021-02-05T04:35:30Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Karabayev, Omar-Sayan
author
2016
Due to the rapidly increasing demand for internet traffic, mobile operators
have faced a problem of bandwidth availability. Since only licensed spectrum has
been previously utilized by wireless networks, moving LTE to the 5 GHz
unlicensed bands has become a popular research initiative, known as LTELicensed
Assisted Access (LTE-LAA).
This thesis studies the feasibility and implementation of LTE-LAA, and
sets a goal of confirming the effectiveness of this technology. An alternative
implementation of a Listen-Before-Talk channel contention mechanism is tested
in this work with the use of LTE-A Vienna Link Level Simulator. The obtained
results suggest that LTE-LAA is capable of boosting network throughput while
providing harmonious coexistence with the IEEE 802.11 standard operating in
the same unlicensed spectrum.
Omar-Sayan Karabayev; 2016; LTE IN UNLICENSED BANDS: A RIVAL OR COLLABORATOR TO WI-FI?; School of Engineering. Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering. Nazarbayev University; http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/2323
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/2323
wireless networks
LTE-LAA
internet traffic
LTE IN UNLICENSED BANDS: A RIVAL OR COLLABORATOR TO WI-FI?
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/31282021-02-05T06:19:58Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Sagimbayev, Sagi
author
2018
This thesis attempts to develop a framework to optimize wind turbine
blades automatically by a multidisciplinary 3D modeling and simulation
methods. The original NREL Phase VI wind turbine blade and its
experimental measurements are used to validate the Computational Fluid
Dynamics (CFD) model developed in ANSYS Fluent and based on the 3D
Navier-Stokes (NS) solver with a realizable k-epsilon turbulence model,
which is later used in the automation process. The automated design
optimization process involves multiple modeling and simulation methods
using Solidworks and ANSYS Mesher and ANSYS Fluent NS solver, which
are integrated and controlled through Matlab by implementing the scripting
capabilities of each software package. Then all scripts are integrated into one
optimization cycle, with its optimization objective being the highest mean
value of 3D Lift/Drag ratio (3DLDR) across the blade. A 3DLDR distribution
across the blade can be calculated by the Inverse Blade Element Momentum
(IBEM) Method based on experimental measurements. The optimization
process is performed to find optimized twist angles across the blade using the
Angle of Attack (AOA) with the highest 3DLDR as a reference, in order to
3
achieve the optimization objective. Therefore, the automatic optimization
framework is based on 3D solid modeling and 3D aerodynamic simulation
and guided by IBEM and experimental data. Thus the design tool is capable
of exploiting the 3D stall delay of blades designed by the traditional 2D BEM
method to enhance their performances. It is found that this automated
framework can result in optimized blade geometries with the improvement of
performance parameters compared to the original ones.
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/3128
Toolbox
Wind turbine blade
Optimization
3D flow
IBEM
A 3d multidisciplinary automated design optimization toolbox for wind turbine blades based on ns solver and experimental data
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/31292021-02-05T06:19:59Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Supiyev, Rakhim
author
2017-12-15
Cardiovascular diseases, commonly referred as Heart Diseases, involve heart and blood vessels associated to the cardiovascular system. So called blood wetted medical devices are widely used in treatment of heart diseases as they help to provide better blood flow to patients. However, when blood is flowing through medical devices, it can be damaged due to lack of compatibility with surrounding non-biological walls of pipes, connectors and containers, thermal and osmotic effects, or most prominently due to excessive shear stresses on blood cells by medical devices. Though laboratory tests are vital for design improvements, they have proven to be costly, time intensive and ethically controversial. On the other hand, Computational Fluid Dynamics is a promising and inexpensive tool for simulating blood flow. The aim of this project is to improve and validate existing numerical model of blood cells segregation in flow through microtube. An improved numerical model of blood cells segregation is of interest for further evaluation of blood damage for design purposes of medical devices. The proposed model is based on Granular Kinetic Theory and represents a continuation of previous work by Mendygarin et al. [4] by sensitive analysis of red blood cells Sauter diameter according to local flow conditions.
Supiyev, Rakhim. 2017. CFD Multiphase Modeling of Blood Cells Segregation in Flow through Microtubes. Nazarbayev University School of Engineering
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/3129
Computational Fluid Dynamics, Multiphase Flow, Numerical Techniques
CFD Multiphase Modeling of Blood Cells Segregation in Flow through Microtubes
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/31302021-02-05T06:20:00Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Yerkinova, Azat
author
2017-12
This work presents experimental results on the treatment of a synthesized wastewater by means of photocatalytic Advanced Oxidation Process (AOPs) constituted by a combination of a single oxidant. The experiment was conducted with the presence of UV light, TiO2 catalyst and H2O2 oxidant in a batch recycle reactor. The total volume of the reactor was 250 mL with 55.8 mL of the effective annular volume of a photoreactor. Fluid inside photoreactor was irradiated by 254 nm, 6W ultraviolet light. Each experiment was conducted for 120 min accompanied by total carbon and HPLC analysis. The feed wastewater was prepared from D – Glucose anhydrous (C6H12O6), Sodium hydrogen carbonate (CHNaO3), Potassium hydrogen carbonate (CHKO3), Ammonium hydrogen carbonate (CH5NO3), Peptone and Lab Lemco, with initial total carbon 1080 mg L-1. The effect of reagents’ initial concentration on total carbon removal was studied to derive the optimum operating conditions. As a result, obtained initial total carbon concertation was found to be 32 mg L-1. The optimum amount for TiO2 loading was 0.5 g L-1 with 58% TC removal and 53% with 66.6 mg L-1 H2O2. Addition of both reagents to process, catalyst, and oxidant, did not result in better performance, only 52% total carbon removal was observed. Besides, the effect of phenolic compound presence on the photocatalytic treatment of synthesized wastewater was examined. Experiments were conducted for phenol, 2-chlorophenol, 2,4-dichlorophenol, 2,4,6-trichlorophenol, and 4-nitrophenol at 5 ppm and 10 ppm concentrations. The conversion of the model compound was always higher than corresponding total organic carbon removal, whereas introduction of H2O2 led to higher total carbon removal and higher phenolic compound decomposition. Synthetic wastewater with 10 ppm phenol, keeping 32 mg L-1 initial TC concentration, treated by UV/TiO2 showed 48% TC and 98% phenol removal, while the H2O2 addition markedly enhanced the process obtaining 100% phenol removal after 45 minutes and 80% TC removal. Results for 10 ppm 2-chlorophenol with the only TiO2 demonstrated 81% total carbon removal with the complete decomposition of 2-chlorophenol. Results of TC removal were also obtained for 2,4-Dichlorophenol at 5 ppm, 10 ppm and with the addition of H2O2, 40%, 59%, and 88%, respectively. 2,4-DCP oxidation was 91% at 5 ppm concentration, 95% at 10 ppm and 100% in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. For 2,4,6-Trichlorophenol, TC conversion at 5 ppm was 36%, at 10 ppm was 44% and 83% with H2O2, and 100% of 2,4,6-TCP oxidation by the end process. 4-Nitrophenol also degraded entirely after 120 minutes and resulted in 84% conversion of TC at 10 ppm concentration with process containing H2O2 and catalyst.
Yerkinova, Azat. 2017. Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants in Wastewater. Nazarbayev University School of Engineering
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/3130
Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants in Wastewater
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/31312021-02-05T06:20:00Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Doskaliyev, Daniyar
author
2017-12
The present work evaluates the capacity of suspended-growth un-acclimated sludge in treating 2-chorophenol (2-CP) and 2,4,6 – trichlorophenol (2,4,6 – TCP) containing synthetic wastewater in Continuous Flow Reactor (CFR) and in Sequencing Batch Reactor (SBR). In CFR, 2-CP concentrations were 103 and 163 ppm; 2,4,6 – TCP concentrations were 71 and 72 ppm. Under these 2-CP and 2,4,6 –TCP loadings, TSS growth was halted. Also, continuous decrease in nitrification was observed characterized by increasing effluent ammonium and decreasing nitrate production. 2-CP and 2,4,6 – TCP removals were decreasing under all their concentrations. In SBR, 2-CP inlet concentrations were 17 and 51 ppm; 2,4,6 – TCP inlet concentrations were 20 and 26 ppm. TSS demonstrated continued growth under all chlorophenol concentrations. 2-CP 17 and 51 ppm inhibited nitrification process. 2,4,6 – TCP 20 and 26 ppm did not cause nitrification inhibition. 100% removal of all 2-CP and 2,4,6 – TCP feed concentrations was achieved. Aeration in SBR played a significant role removing 43.9 % of Total Carbon (TC) and 39.9% of Total Nitrogen during the 1st day of experiment.
Doskaliyev, Daniyar. 2017. Treatment of toxic wastewater by use of biological processes. Nazarbayev University School of Engineering
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/3131
Treatment of toxic wastewater by use of biological processes
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/31322021-02-05T06:20:01Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Gapeyenko, Dinara
author
2017-12
For the last decade, deep eutectic solvent (DES), a novel solvent, has gathered lots of attention due to their favorable properties such as a low melting point, non-toxicity and low-cost. In this work, a combination of tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBAC), polyethylene glycol (PEG-200), and ferric chloride (FeCl3) at a molar ratio of 4:1:0.05, a metallic based deep eutectic solvent is analyzed using molecular dynamics simulation. The analysis reveals the interactions between the components of DES, which might lead to the formation of the DES, i.e., strong depression in the melting point as compared to the individual component. Further, the solvent was also tested for fuel desulfurization using molecular simulations. For the analysis n-octane was chosen as fuel with ~2000 ppm dibenzothiophene and the results suggest strong absorption of sulfur compounds by the DES. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed using GROMACS to explore different interactions occurring between the components of the DESs and model oil at a molecular level. Interaction energies between compounds and radial distribution functions indicate a strong interaction between the tetrabutylammonium ion with the dibenzothiophene molecule. The given work also shows that the DES can be applied for diesel even with high initial concentration of sulfur content and can be applicable for extraction of different sulfur compounds such as benzothiophene (BT) and thiophene (TS). Additionally, among all tested temperature ranges it was found that use of the room temperature is beneficial for the desulfurization process. Moreover, composition of DES was varied by selectively removing either PEG or FeCl3 from the DES to evaluate the influence of each compound on the efficiency of desulfurization process.
Gapeyenko, Dinara. 2017. Molecular dynamics simulations to develop novel solvents for deep desulfurization of diesel. Nazarbayev University School of Engineering
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/3132
Molecular dynamics simulations to develop novel solvents for deep desulfurization of diesel
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/31332021-02-05T06:20:02Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Balbayeva, Gaukhar
author
2017-12
In the present work, the photochemical treatment of a synthetic wastewater in a batch recycle photochemical reactor using ultraviolet irradiation (254 nm, 6 W), hydrogen peroxide and ferric ions was studied. The wastewater was composed of peptone, lab lemco, glucose, ammonia hydrogen carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate and had initial total carbon 1080 mg L-1. Its volume was 250 mL, and the active (irradiated) volume in the annular photoreactor was 55.8 mL. The effect of initial total carbon, initial hydrogen peroxide amount, and Fe(III) added, on total carbon removal was studied aiming at optimizing operating parameters. Each experiment lasted 120 min, and the process was attended via pH, total carbon and HPLC analysis (for determination of phenolic compounds conversion). The results obtained showed that the addition of Fe(III) markedly increased the mineralization of the wastewater, especially during the first 60 min. Specifically, for initial carbon concentration 528 mg L-1, hydrogen peroxide 2664 mg L-1, without any Fe(III) added, the total carbon removal achieved after two hours was 50%, whereas after adding 240 mg L-1 Fe(III) the total carbon removal observed was 87%. The difference was even more pronounced during the first 60 min since the total carbon removal was increased from 19% in the absence of Fe(III) to 79% in the presence of 240 mg L-1 Fe(III). The effect of phenol presence (0-100 mg L-1) on total carbon removal was also examined. In all experiments, complete removal of phenol was observed, whereas TC removal was around 75%. The results obtained were applied for the treatment of real wastewater (landfill leachate) with initial carbon concentration 2650 mg L-1, and pH 8.3. It was observed that pH adjustment markedly increased the percentage of carbon removal. With pH adjustment from 8 to 5 the results for total carbon removal improved from 3% (using only 13320 mg L-1 H2O2) to 75% after pH adjustment with HCl (using 13320 mg L-1 H2O2, 400 mg L-1 Fe(III)).
Balbayeva, Gaukhar. 2017. Photochemical degradation of organic pollutants in wastewaters. Nazarbayev University School of Engineering
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/3133
Photochemical degradation of organic pollutants in wastewaters
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/31342021-02-05T06:20:02Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Galymzhanov, Nursultan
author
2017-12
One of the most promising technologies available for decreasing CO2 concentration in the atmosphere is Post Combustion CO2 Capture (PCCC). The process is based on absorption-desorption of carbon dioxide by a solvent. Amine based aqueous solutions are considered as the state of the art solvent for PCCC. However, its use is associated with MEA emissions from an absorber column through vapour and aerosol phases. Aerosol emission has only recently been detected, and reported to be related to the degree of supersaturation of gas.
The objective of this study was to develop a new conceptual model to estimate heat and mass transfer rates between gas and particulate phases using Aspen Plus simulation software. Also, validation of the model was performed by comparing it with results of an experimental mini-plant developed by TNO group in Netherlands.
In the model presented in this study, interaction between the gas and the solvent, and the gas and the particles was split by modelling the gas-solvent interaction in the absorber and the gas-particles interaction in separate absorber columns representing sections of a discretised absorber. A method was presented to estimate particle formation due to nucleation and to correct the MEA loss predicted by Aspen Plus.
The CO2 removal efficiency was estimated to be 95%. The estimated total molecular mass transfer rate from the gas phase at the top of the absorber column to the particle phase was found to be -7.3×10-10 kg/s, indicating net molecular mass transfer from the particle to the gas phase. The mass transfer due to nucleation was estimated to be 1.92487×10-6 kg/s. The amount of particle phase MEA emission was found to depend on the temperature inside the absorber, temperature bulge, gas supersaturation ratio, volume of particles entering the absorber and H2SO4 concentration in the entering gas. The particle phase MEA emission due to the molecular mass transfer from the gas phase to the particle phase was found to be 0.3 mg/Nm3gas, while particle phase MEA emission resulted from the nucleation mass transfer was 697.0 mg/Nm3gas. Thus, the total particle MEA emission was estimated to be 697.3 mg/Nm3gas. The estimated nucleation rate is approximately 2×1015 particles.cm-3.s-1. Gas phase MEA emission was found to be 1.3 mg/Nm3gas.
Galymzhanov, Nursultan. 2017. Aerosol formation in CO2 capture plants – aspen plus simulation model. Nazarbayev University School of Engineering
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/3134
Aerosol formation in CO2 capture plants – aspen plus simulation model
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/31352021-02-05T06:20:03Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Kushekbayev, Nurzhan
author
2017-12
The study of chemical interactions of reacting molecules on active sites of the catalyst plays an essential role in the heterogeneously catalyzed reactions. The complexity of heterogeneously catalyzed reactions makes it difficult to determine adsorbed intermediates formed during the reaction. The heterogeneously catalyzed reaction can undergo through more than one reaction mechanism with different rate laws. In this master thesis, the Temporal Analysis of Product (TAP) reactor model was used for numerical simulation of the multi-pathway reactions. To perform this, the mathematical model of TAP reactor was derived, and numerical simulation code was developed in the form of IPython notebook and verified with analytical solutions. Then numerical simulation algorithm was applied to simulate multipath CO oxidation in TAP reactor. The catalytic CO oxidation took place on ZnO catalyst via Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism, Eley-Rideal mechanism, and the combination of Langmuir-Hinshelwood and Eley-Rideal mechanism. The kinetic data for this reaction mechanism were taken from [1]. The simulation results for all cases indicate that production of CO2 decreases as temperature increases, because of slow adsorption rate of O2. Moreover, simultaneous Langmuir-Hinshelwood and Eley-Rideal mechanism was dominated by Langmuir-Hinshelwood reaction mechanism according to the simulation results.
Kushekbayev, Nurzhan. 2017. Kinetic modeling of complex heterogeneously catalyzed reactions using temporal analysis of product method. Nazarbayev University School of Engineering
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/3135
Kinetic modeling of complex heterogeneously catalyzed reactions using temporal analysis of product method
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/31362021-02-05T06:20:04Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Mansurov, Ulan
author
2017-12
Carbon dioxide capture is becoming a major concern not only from the perspective of traditional sour gas sweetening but also because of adverse effects of CO2 on climate change. The most conventional method to eliminate CO2 is carried out in a post-combustion CO2 capture (PCCC) column using aqueous monoethanolamine (MEA) as a solvent. Numerous reports have manifested significant amount of solvent losses due to formation of aerosols in PCCC columns. This research provides insights into formation mechanisms of aerosols or particulate matter (PM) at a molecular level by emphasizing interaction parameters between participating components. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed using GROMACS software. Five different systems under ordinary PCCC conditions were considered each of which has unique configuration of components. MD simulations revealed evolution and development of molecular clusters that formed PM which consisted of all gaseous MEA, SO2, major portion of CO2, and water vapor. Furthermore, quantitative analysis of the molecular clusters was carried out in terms of CO2 molecules. Nucleation rates of PM were in the order of 10-30 cm-3s-1. Also, formed aerosol particles were structurally examined using radial distribution functions (RDF) and determining pair potentials between the molecules. It was found that MEA in vapor phase contributes to PM formation. Furthermore, strong attraction potential between water and CO2 and MEA imply that the presence of water in vapor phase might be one of the key factors that forms and sustains PM. Taken together, the results are first of the efforts to understand PM (aerosol) formation in a typical PCCC column based on molecular simulations, and based on the findings of the study, certain practical suggestions were offered to avoid formation of PM.
Mansurov, Ulan. 2017. Aerosol formation in CO2 capture plants - molecular dynamics simulation. Nazarbayev University School of Engineering
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/3136
Aerosol formation in CO2 capture plants - molecular dynamics simulation
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/32062021-02-05T06:27:19Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Aldemkhan, Fariza
author
2018-05
Cooking is an important source of particulate matter with adverse effects on human health, particularly in developing countries where simple stoves burning biomass (wood, animal dung, and crop waste) and coal are used [1]. Depending on the components of the food, the composition of cooking organic aerosol (COA) may vary drastically. However, due to loss of volatile organic compounds (VOC) during experiments and numbers of other uncertainties, the exact compositions and rates of COA formation are difficult to be determined. In this thesis, a simulation model for heating corn, soybean and sunflower oils and stir-frying myrcia was developed using Aspen Plus.
Aldemkhan, Fariza. (2018) DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW COMPUTER MODEL FOR THE SIMULATION OF COOKING ORGANIC AEROSOL FORMATION FROM HEATED COOKING OILS USING ASPEN PLUS. Nazarbayev University School of Engineering.
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/3206
cooking organic aerosol (COA)
volatile organic compounds (VOC)
Aspen Plus
Development of a new computer model for the simulation of cooking organic aerosol formation from heated cooking oils using aspen plus
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/33792021-02-05T07:09:56Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Kerimray, Aiymgul
author
2018-03
Globally, buildings account for one third of final energy consumption and are a significant source of CO2 emissions. Concerns with unsustainable use of energy in buildings, growing greenhouse gases emissions and energy poverty challenges all require effective planning, strategies and actions from policy makers. Energy systems models together with scenario analysis are widely applied tools to aid decision making in energy planning and in the assessments of technology pathways. Studies and analyses using energy systems models tend to focus on energy transition pathways and neglect energy poverty, energy affordability and local pollution. In addition, they generally do not simultaneously incorporate spatial, building type and urban/rural detail. This thesis addresses this gap, by introducing the first sub-nationally disaggregated energy system model with regional detail, representation of the building types (detached, flat) urban/rural disaggregation, and analysis of energy poverty...
Kerimray, Aiymgul (2018) Modelling of residential heat decarbonisation pathways in the republic of Kazakhstan. Nazarbayev University School of Engineering.
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/3379
energy consumption
energy systems models
energy
Modelling of residential heat decarbonisation pathways in the republic of Kazakhstan
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/37222021-02-05T07:41:33Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Makhambet, Sarbayev
author
2019-01-23
Quantitative risk assessment is a crucial step in safety analysis of process systems. Advancement of modern technologies has resulted in availability of large volume of process data. This tendency urges the need of developing new risk assessment approaches. Fault tree (FT), a conventional risk analysis method, is found to be ineffective in dynamic risk analysis and data analytics due to its static nature and reliance on experts‟ judgment in developing stage. The use of artificial neural network (ANN) in risk assessment of process systems is not a new concept. ANN is a structured model that is built upon data samples and learning algorithms to process complex input/output data in the way that it is trained. The application of ANN can help to overcome some of the limitations of FT. The dynamic and data-driven nature, independency on prior information on events relationships, and less reliance on experts‟ judgement are the advantages of ANN over FT. However, there is limited work on the development of ANN-based risk assessment models using the conventional methods such as FT as an informative base. This study proposes a methodology of mapping FT into ANN to support convenient and effective application of ANN in risk assessment. The proposed method is demonstrated through its application to failure analysis of one of the causes of Tesoro Anacortes Refinery accident. The results of network‟s accident modelling performance have shown that the ANN model (mapped from the FT) is an effective risk assessment technique in terms of application for estimation of the TE failure probability.
Makhambet, Sarbayev (2019). Application of Artificial Neural Network in Process Safety Assessment. Nazarbayev University School of Engineering
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/3722
Fault tree (FT)
artificial neural network (ANN)
Application of Artificial Neural Network in Process Safety Assessment
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/37232021-02-05T07:41:35Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Irsainova, Alina
author
2019-01-23
Geogrids are the geosynthetics of choice for soil reinforcement
applications. To evaluate the efficiency of geogrid reinforcement, several
methods are used including field tests, laboratory tests, and numerical modeling.
Field studies consume a long period of time and conducting these investigations
may become highly expensive because of the need for real-size structures.
Laboratory studies present also significant difficulties: large-size testing
machines are required to accommodate realistic geogrid designs. The discrete
element method (DEM) may be used as a complementary tool to extend physical
testing databases at a lower cost. Discrete element models do not require
complex constitutive formulations and may be fed with particle scale data (size,
strength, shape) thus reducing the number of free calibration parameters. The
thesis reviews the different approaches followed to model soil-geogrid
interaction in DEM and presents preliminary results from pull-out and triaxial
conditions. Moreover, a numerical model of triaxial test with or without geogrid
was developed and validated by laboratory test values that were provided by
other researchers.
Irsainova, Alina (2019) Discrete Element Modeling of Soil-Geogrid Interactions. Nazarbayev University School of Engineering
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/3723
Discrete Element Modeling of Soil-Geogrid Interactions
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/37342021-02-05T07:41:38Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Agibayeva, Aidana
author
2019-01
Rapid development in energy consumption caused worldwide depletion of natural
sources and degradation of the environment; therefore, the use of renewable energy
such as solar and wind energy has been highly promoted. Due to intermittency issues
such as dependency on the climate and diurnal cycles, efficient ways of utilizing
renewable energy needs to be developed. One of the alternatives is deep pile
foundation with compressed air energy storage (CAES) system. Energy generated
from solar panels or wind turbines is stored as a compressed air inside the pile
foundation. Since it undergoes complex loads including structural loadings, soil
effects and pressure induced from compressed air, thorough design and analysis are
required to meet serviceability and durability performances of the system. This paper
studies various pile design alternatives and their structural responses under these
combined loadings. Extensive finite element analyses were performed to study the
application of steel-concrete composite pile foundations. Based on the results, it was
determined that the presence of steel tubes in composite pile foundation is efficient
in preventing development of large cracks and ensures comparable performance for
the dual functional system.
Agibayeva, Aidana (2019) Structural performances of composite Concrete-steel pile foundation system with Energy storage media. Nazarbayev University School of Engineering
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/3734
Structural performances of composite Concrete-steel pile foundation system with Energy storage media
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/37352021-02-05T07:41:40Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Zeinula, Aizhan
author
2019-01
Kazakhstan takes 12th place in World oil production, however 52,7 % of produced oil comes from “mature” fields that are on the last production stages. Therefore, use of enhanced oil recovery methods becomes essential; one of these methods is polymer flooding, which involves injecting a polymer solution into the reservoir in order to displace trapped oil towards the wellbore. For successful injection of polymer solutions in a reservoir it is essential to study properly their behavior in porous media. This master thesis focuses on that topic, by describing and understanding two main factors that have a great impact on polymer transport, namely (i) the inaccessible pore volume (IPV) and (ii) polymer retention due to its adsorption on grain surfaces within the porous medium. In order to reach this goal experiments on core samples (plugs) were conducted, and effluent concentration profiles were obtained. Moreover, numerical modelling was implemented to characterize diffusion/adsorption of polymer molecules inside the porous core.
Zeinula, Aizhan (2019) Transient transport of polymer solution flow in porous media. Transient transport of polymer solution flow in porous media
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/3735
Transient transport of polymer solution flow in porous media
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/37362021-02-05T07:41:43Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Saparov, Ablay
author
2019-01
In recent years, capture of carbon dioxide released from fuel-combustion
has become one of the most important field operations. A commonly used
process for carbon dioxide capture is applying a post-combustion-CO2-capture
(PCCC) column with solvents like aqueous methyldiethanolamine (MDEA),
monoethanolamine (MEA), and other amines. There are several reports
indicating formation of aerosol in amine based PCCC columns, which in turn is
associated with solvent losses.
The purpose of this work was to investigate the mechanism of nucleation
(leading to an aerosol or particulate matter formation) for three solvents (MEA,
MDEA, and a mixture of MEA and MDEA) using the molecular dynamic
simulations. Additionally, two cases with different solvent compositions,
corresponding to industrial usage, were simulated. Using the simulations, role
of different solvents were analyzed in order to identify the mechanism and rate
of aerosol formation. The results provide insights to the structure and
composition of the aerosol. In particular, we observed a highest growth for the
case with aqueous MDEA solution, whereas nucleation was fast for MEA
solutions. Furthermore, the rate of formation of aerosol increased with
increasing CO2 concentrations. The formed aerosols mainly consisted of water,
CO2, and the ethanolamines. Taken together, the result from this work
contributes to better understand aerosol formation in PCCC columns.
Saparov, Ablay (2019) Aerosol formation in ethanolamines based post combustion CO2 capture plants. Nazarbayev University School of Engineering
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/3736
Aerosol formation in ethanolamines based post combustion CO2 capture plants
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/37372021-02-05T07:41:45Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Makhatova, Ardak
author
2019-01
In the present work, chemical/photochemical processes, specifically, Fenton and Fenton-like reactions were employed to treat a leachate from the municipal solid waste landfill of Astana (Kazakhstan). Each experiment lasted 120 minutes, and the treatment efficiency was assessed through total organic carbon (TOC), total inorganic carbon (TIC), total nitrogen (TN) and colour removal. An annular UV (254 nm) photoreactor operated in a batch recycle mode was used. The total volume of the solution was 250 mL, and the irradiated volume in the photoreactor was 56.8 mL. The effect of inorganic carbon, pH, initial H2O2 amount (0-9990 mg L-1), Fe(II) (200-600 ppm) and Fe(III) (300-700 ppm) concentrations on total carbon and colour removal was studied. The landfill leachate had initial carbon concentration equal to 5868 mg L-1 and pH 8.16. The total carbon was by 40-45% inorganic, and nitrogen was 90% inorganic in the ammonium form. Preliminary experiments showed that inorganic carbon acting as hydroxyl radicals scavenger inhibited significantly the photo-Fenton treatment. Without the pretreatment steps only 7.7% TC removal was observed, while 29% TC (equal to TOC) removal was achieved when the inorganic carbon was removed at the pretreatment steps.
Makhatova, Ardak (2019) Photochemical Treatment of wastewaters. Nazarbayev University School of Engineering
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/3737
Photochemical Treatment of wastewaters
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/37382021-02-05T07:41:48Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Terechshenko, Alina
author
2019-01
The current energy and environment challenges demand an emerging renewable energy sources and green electrical transportation implementation. Both of these require rechargeable batteries to store energy and provide power. However, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with graphite-based anode, which is the most used anode material for current LIB technologies, cannot meet the requirements for new generation electric vehicles of different type (hybrid, plug-in or pure) and other applications such as modern communication systems, because they require two to five times more energy density than what LIBs with graphite-based anode can offer. Thus, there is an extreme need for introduction of novel materials for next generation anode for LIBs. The spinel-structured lithium titanium oxide Li4Ti5O12 (LTO) is one of the most effective active matrices for silicon (Si) to form anode and enhance the advantageous properties of both materials. One of the possibilities to efficiently combine Si and LTO, keeping their advantages and overcoming drawbacks, is to apply nanomixing. Moreover, in order to enhance conductivity of the composite, sucrose and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were added into the material as a carbon source, and their effect on its electrochemical performance was compared. One of the most suitable and promising method of LTO synthesis is the spray pyrolysis technique as there are promising opportunities to establish a continuous preparation process.
Terechshenko, Alina (2019) Spray-Assisted Method of Synthesis of Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Battery. Nazarbayev University School of Engineering
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/3738
Spray-Assisted Method of Synthesis of Anode Materials for Lithium-Ion Battery
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/37392021-02-05T07:41:50Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Kaumbekova, Samal
author
2019-01
Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) are eutectic mixtures composed of
different cations and anions of Lewis and Bronsted acids and bases. With their
favorable properties such as low volatility, biodegradability, low cost, simple
synthesis, etc., they are considered as green media and sustainable replacements
of ionic liquids (1). One amongst many promising applications of DESs is
maintaining the structure of protein in the absence of water. Experimental
studies conducted on different proteins in DESs and their aqueous solutions
have shown that the secondary and most of the tertiary protein structure is
maintained in the DESs and that refolding can also be achieved in aqueous
DESs (2, 3). However, the experiments are limited and the intermolecular
interactions between the solvents and protein are obscured. To this end, we
perform molecular dynamics simulations of lysozyme in its native structure in
the presence of DES composed of urea and choline chloride, known as Reline,
and its aqueous solutions. The simulations are carried to analyze (i) protein
structure at room temperature, (ii) protein structure at high temperatures, when
unfolding occurs and (iii) refolding of thermally unfolded protein structure at
room temperature in reline and its aqueous solutions.
Kaumbekova, Samal (2019) Structural Stability of Proteins in deep Eutectic Solvents and their Aqueous Solutions. Nazarbayev University School of Engineering
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/3739
Structural Stability of Proteins in deep Eutectic Solvents and their Aqueous Solutions
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/37482021-02-05T07:41:52Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Mussabayeva, Aigul
author
2019-01
Mast-arm assemblies used for the support of highway signs, signals, and
luminaires are exposed to both torsion and lateral load due to wind loadings.
Hence, foundations for overhead cantilever structures should be designed for
coupled torsion and lateral load scenario. In some cases, mast arm cantilevered
structures are installed near or on an embankment slope which might have more
concerns on the torsional and lateral resistance of the foundation. Nevertheless,
hardly any research works have addressed the issue of drilled shaft foundations
under torsion-lateral load case with an embankment in proximity. Therefore,
numerical investigation of three cases with different soil layers was performed
to: (1) understand the combined torque-lateral load behaviour of drilled shafts
near an embankment slope; (2) examine the effect of both the torsion and lateral
resistances in the proximity of an embankment slope.
The effect of slope on torsional/lateral resistance was studied by numerical
analyses. The results showed that increase of the embankment slope lead to the
reduction in both torsional and lateral resistance. Finally, design criteria (e.g.,
minimum allowable distance from the embankment, maximum allowable point
load near the embankment) of the mast arm assembly and loads are provided.
All three cases demonstrated the decrease of tolerable point load with increase
of the slope angle.
Mussabayeva, Aigul (2019) Numerical Investigation of Drilled Shafts Near an Embankment Slope Under Combined Torque-Ateral Load Scenario. Nazarbayev University School of Engineering
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/3748
Numerical Investigation of Drilled Shafts Near an Embankment Slope Under Combined Torque-Ateral Load Scenario
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/37472021-02-05T10:03:31Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Zhamanbay, Akzhunis
author
2019-01
Construction on soft clay deposits is assumed to be a significant concern in the
geotechnical engineering field. Soft clays are characterized by low bearing
capacity, high ductility and low permeability, which lead to certain constraints in
embankment design. Therefore, to ensure the safety of structures on soft grounds,
it is necessary to define the capacity that the foundation can bear before the
construction process. In addition, the behaviour of a structure has to be predicted
to avoid failures or other unfavourable circumstances that could take place in the
future. A number of prediction methods have been proposed, but the predictions
could suffer from a lack of accuracy, resulting in a lack of confidence in practice.
In this study, numerical simulation of embankments on soft soils using finite
element method (FEM) is performed, along with the evaluation of existing
methods for predicting the performance of embankments on soft clays and to
propose the most accurate stability analysis approach among reviewed methods.
Zhamanbay, Akzhunis (2019) Evaluation of Stability Analysis Methods of Embankment on Soft Clays. Nazarbayev University School of Engineering
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/3747
soft clays
embankment
stability analysis
finite element method
Evaluation of Stability Analysis Methods of Embankment on Soft Clays
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/37462021-02-05T10:03:34Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Anuarbek, Amire
author
2019-01
Due to the scarcity of clean water in many regions of the world, seawater
desalination and wastewater treatment start to play a crucial role for future water
supplies. Currently leading technology of membrane water treatment is based on
conventional technologies (reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration and
microfiltration) consuming high amount of energy. One of the ways to solve the
problems with overconsumption of energy is to use forward osmosis (FO). FO is a
relatively new membrane-based process that can significantly upgrade water
treatment technologies. Since it employs membrane technology, the performance
of the forward osmosis water treatment directly depends on properties of the
membrane whose performance highly vulnerable to fouling activities.
Anuarbek, Amire (2019) Effect of silver nanoparticles on properties and performance of aquaporin forward osmosis membrane. Nazarbayev University School of Engineering
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/3746
forward osmosis
aquaporin
silver nanoparticles
biofouling
organic fouling
FTIR
zeta potential
SEM
flux loss
cleaning
Effect of silver nanoparticles on properties and performance of aquaporin forward osmosis membrane
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/37452021-02-05T07:41:55Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Ibrayev, Askar
author
2019-01
Analytical solution technique that provides fast, efficient and accurate
results is developed for the fourth-order nonlinear differential equations
describing the transverse vibrations of a beam on an elastic foundation. The
method of solution developed is based on a recent novel method of calculation,
the Adomian Modified Decomposition Method (AMDM). AMDM has
advantages of solving without discretization, linearization, perturbation, or a
priori assumptions, all of which has the potential to change the physics of the
problem. The accuracy and the convergence speed of the method are validated
against exact solutions. The beam is analyzed using two existing beam theories,
namely, Euler-Bernoulli and Timoshenko beam theories. For the foundation
widely used one-parameter Winkler and two-parameter Pasternak foundations
are used. Numerical calculations of vibration frequencies and mode shape
functions are performed. Effect of a foundation parameters and loadings on
beam vibrations are analyzed and discussed.
Ibrayev, Askar (2019) Response of beams resting on linear and nonlinear elastic foundations and subjected to harmonic high-speed moving loading. Nazarbayev University School of Engineering
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/3745
Response of beams resting on linear and nonlinear elastic foundations and subjected to harmonic high-speed moving loading
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/37442021-02-05T07:42:00Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Jangeldinov, Baurzhan
author
2019-01
Phase change materials have been applied into building framework to reduce
energy and fossil fuel consumption as well as make building sector more
sustainable.. In this study, the energy consumption assessment of lightweight twostorey
PCM-enhanced residential house placed at different eight locations (Helsinki,
Kiev, Saint-Petersburg, Moscow, Stockholm, Toronto, Montreal and Kiev)
restricted by Dfb climate region will be evaluated. The number of iterations were
performed by DesignBuilder software combined with Energy Plus engine by
applying eleven melting temperature ranges of PCM. The output shows that the
optimal PCMs have reduced the temperature swings up to 2.4 ℃. The performance
of PCM is not constant for the monthly assessment basis, hence every month
different PCM have performed efficiently. The optimal PCM variance is between
the thermal comfort zone (20-26℃) and depends on the geographical parameters.
For the indicator cities, the energy consumption varies from 2,81% to 5,72%. The
volumetric assessment may be shows that the efficient performance of PCM
increases with expansion of surface area combined with reduction of thickness.
Overall, the enhancement of PCM into building framework in residential building
located in Dfb climate region is feasible option.
Jangeldinov, Baurzhan (2019) Thermal performance and energy efficiency of PCM integrated buildings in eight cities located in snow, fully humid with warm summer climate region. Nazarbayev University School of Engineering
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/3744
Thermal performance and energy efficiency of PCM integrated buildings in eight cities located in snow, fully humid with warm summer climate region
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/37422021-02-05T07:42:02Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Yerzhanov, Meirzhan
author
2019-01
SNiP code is widely used in the so-called post-soviet union or commonwealth of
independent states (CIS) countries for the structural designs of reinforced and
prestressed concrete structures, and this study aims to present modification factors
of the existing shear design equation for the concrete contribution specified in
SNiP code. The existing shear strength estimation model specified in SNiP code
was initially developed about 90 years ago based on a semi-empirical approach,
which means its accuracy and margin of safety level depends significantly on the
shear test results available at that time. In this study, a rational modification factor
is derived to improve the accuracy of the shear design equation in SNiP code using
a current up-to-date large shear database, and the key influencing factors of the
shear resistance of beam members, such as the longitudinal reinforcement ratio and
presttressing effect, were addressed. To verify the accuracy and safety level of the
proposed models, detailed verifications are introduced with comparisons to the
other design models used in the international building codes.
Yerzhanov, Meirzhan (2019) Shear strength model of reinforced and prestressed concrete beams with and without stirrup used in the CIS countries. Nazarbayev University School of Engineering
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/3742
Shear strength model of reinforced and prestressed concrete beams with and without stirrup used in the CIS countries
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/37412021-02-05T07:42:05Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Sovetova, Meruyert
author
2019-01
Phase change materials are used to decrease energy cost, dependency on fossil
fuels and make the buildings energy efficient. The main aim of this study is to
carry out parametric study in BWh zone of Koppen-Geiger climate classification in
order to evaluate the hypothesis that a single PCM or a group of PCMs (in the
narrow) can be used for the whole BWh climate zone. Hence, the energy
performance of two-storey PCM integrated residential building located in eight
different cities (Abu- Dhabi, Dubai, Faisalabad, Mecca, Jodhpur, Nouakchott,
Cairo and Biskra) from BWh Koppen-Geiger classification was evaluated using
the most representative building envelope. Also, the impact of meteorological
factors like temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, solar radiance on energy
saving have been evaluated. Numerical simulations were performed with thirteen
different phase change ranges in DesignBuilder software, which uses EnergyPlus
as its calculation engine. According to the test results, the optimum PCMs were
able to reduce the temperature fluctuations and the maximum temperature reduced
by up to 4.64C. The monthly energy savings results showed that different PCMs
were found to be optimum in different months of the year. Except for Cairo and
Biskra,
Sovetova, Meruyert (2019) Energy saving potential of buildings integrated with phase change material in hot, arid climate zone. Nazarbayev University School of Engineering
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/3741
Energy saving potential of buildings integrated with phase change material in hot, arid climate zone
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/37402021-02-05T08:12:00Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Yertay, Yerassyl
author
2019-01
The subject of this proposal developed from a personal interest in BIM-based
methods on construction projects of Kazakhstan. In the age of advancement,
Building Information Modelling is gaining popularity around the globe because of
its potential. BIM is a very intricate tool in the planning and execution stage. As
BIM consists of all domain of construction, it is equally important to understand its
effect on planning, especially on scheduling, visualization, and cost. In their paper
“Acceptance of construction scheduling visualizations: bar-charts, flowline-charts,
or perhaps BIM?”, Rolfsen and Merschbrock point out that even the most successful
country from BIM, Norway, does not totally use BIM-based scheduling on their
construction projects. However, the rapid development of BIM on construction
projects compels not to lose the relevance of the technology in the civil engineering
sector. This research focuses on several benefits of BIM technology and provides a
technical task for the designing of the BIM model in construction projects of
Kazakhstan.
Yertay, Yerassyl (2019) Implementation methodologies of BIM in construction projects of Kazakhstan. Nazarbayev University School of Engineering
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/3740
Implementation methodologies of BIM in construction projects of Kazakhstan
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/37592021-02-05T08:12:06Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Shansharov, Askar
author
2018-12
Multiphase flow is a simultaneous movement of several immiscible
phases, such as gas, oil, water and solid particles, and it is observed in petroleum
industry in a wide area of operations. The most expected flow conduit are
cylindrical pipes, however there are areas of application where multiphase flow
takes place in annuli. Underbalanced drilling operations feature multiphase flow
of gas-liquid phases in annuli, and there are a lot of models for this type of flow.
However there is lack of data on oil-water flow in horizontal annuli.
Shansharov, Askar (2018) CFD Modelling of Oil-Water Multiphase Flow in Horizontal Concentric Annuli with a Multiple-Size Group Approach. Nazarbayev University School of Engineering
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/3759
CFD Modelling of Oil-Water Multiphase Flow in Horizontal Concentric Annuli with a Multiple-Size Group Approach
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/37682021-02-05T08:12:27Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Ospanov, Sayat
author
2019-01
The marine propeller performance is highly influenced by the accuracy of its machining. Accurate and error-free 3D models are thus needed to perform analysis and optimization of the propeller blades. This project introduces a method to generate a parametric 3D model of a marine propeller based on NURBS curves and surfaces. The project is performed in RhinoScript programming language in Rhino CAD modeler with its openNURBS™ kernel. The blade sections, hydrofoils, are generated with just 11 nondimensional parameters. Each section’s chord length, thickness and pitch are defined with degree 2 NURBS curves requiring just 4 parameters each. The model performance is compared with the existing modelling tool.
Ospanov, Sayat (2019) Development of an Analysis-Suitable Parametric 3d Model of Marine Propellers. Nazarbayev University School of Engineering
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/3768
Development of an Analysis-Suitable Parametric 3d Model of Marine Propellers
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/37672021-02-05T08:12:30Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Aimukhanov, Dulat
author
2019-01
In recent years, a vast variety of mechanisms for upper limb rehabilitation have been designed by researchers. The majority of these designs are based on multi degree of freedom and open kinematic chain assemblies. The application of such mechanisms can offer significant aid in successful treatment. Their disadvantages, however, include complexity and costliness. As an alternative to these, other types of mechanisms, such as four and six bar linkages, can be employed in rehabilitation of patients with arm-motion disabilities. These alternative mechanisms are simpler and cheaper, but still have the capacity to offer complex kinematic characteristics.
Aimukhanov, Dulat (2019) Cost-Effective optimization of an Upper Limb Rehabilitation Mechanism. Nazarbayev University School of Engineering
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/3767
Cost-Effective optimization of an Upper Limb Rehabilitation Mechanism
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/37662021-02-05T08:12:32Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Ormanaliyev, Anuar
author
2019-01
Development of a proper blood damage model is important step in future
evolution of the blood wetted devices. The mentioned model on the other hand,
requires an accurate blood cell segregation prediction. Blood segregation is a
phenomenon when the red blood cells tend to concentrate at the bottom and
center regions of the pipe, driving the platelets to concentrate at the upper wall
region of the tube. In general, the segregation of the blood is found
experimentally, although these experiments were found to be costly and time
intensive. Development of a numerical model for blood segregation with help of
Computational Fluid Dynamics has a potential to be fast and cheap alternative to
the experiments.
Ormanaliyev, Anuar (2019) CFD multiphase modeling of blood cells segregation in flow through microtubes. Nazarbayev University School of Engineering
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/3766
CFD multiphase modeling of blood cells segregation in flow through microtubes
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/37652021-02-05T08:12:35Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Metey, Yerkegali
author
2019-01
The main objectives of this thesis are to implement the one- and two-way couplings of an inviscid flow formulation with an appropriate boundary layer model and to verify and benchmark the implementations against experimental results. The coupling between the boundary layer and the inviscid formulation allows a quick calculation of the most important aerodynamic/hydrodynamic coefficients, i.e., lift and drag coefficients. There are two possibilities when coupling inviscid formulations with boundary layer models: one- and two-way couplings. One-way coupling model neglects the effect of the boundary layer thickness on the body itself, i.e., the modification of the shape that the flow sees. In one-way coupling, the initial tangential velocity distribution along the body coming from the inviscid model is used for the computation of the boundary layer and subsequently the calculation of drag. In two-way coupling, the boundary layer thickness, which is computed in the boundary layer model, modifies the shape of the airfoil used in the inviscid model and a second computation of the tangential velocities around the modified body is performed. The procedure is repeated till we achieve the required convergence. Obviously, two-way coupling is generally expected to produce more accurate results.
Metey, Yerkegali (2019) Potential flows about airfoils/hydrofoils with one- and two-way coupled boundary layer models. Nazarbayev University School of Engineering
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/3765
Potential flows about airfoils/hydrofoils with one- and two-way coupled boundary layer models
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/37642021-02-05T08:12:37Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Kakimzhan, Aldiyar
author
2019-01
The paper aims to popularize green energy technology by proposing the way of easy
integration in urban environment. Integration of PV in urban environment is a
promising technology that can lead to a construction of Zero or nearly Zero Energy
Buildings. However, PV installation in an urban environment is followed by
difficulties such as lack of space, severe climate exposure and aesthetic
implementation. The most recent and relevant solution is Building Integrated PV
(BIPV), which is an installation of PV on building façades with an appropriate
aesthetics contributing to the urban environmental impression of passers-by. In
addition, it is known that in working with renewables, financial feasibility is of major
importance. BIPV cladding can substitute building material, which implies good
savings. The government of Kazakhstan aims for the share of renewable energy in
domestic electricity generation to rise to 30% by 2030 and 50% by 2050. Therefore,
this investigation aims to determine the techno-economic potential of BIPV on
façades of high-rise buildings in the city of Astana. As a case study, a student
dormitory building of Nazarbayev University is considered. The paper concludes that
the current FIT of 99USD/MWh for solar energy in Kazakhstan is too low to get
favorable Benefit to Cost (BC) ratio. However, an increase in FIT to 115USD/MWh
would lead BC ratio greater than 1 that implies that the new project could be
profitable. Furthermore, increasing the current FIT by 60%, would lead to very
attractive equity payback period. In addition, anchoring the panel in 30-degree angle
would increase the rate of solar irradiance captured, that consequently leads us to
acceptable BC ratio. This thesis project proposes a simple, but effective way to mount
PV units on a flat building wall at 30-degree angle inclined position.
Kakimzhan, Aldiyar (2019) Viability study of PV panels anchored on a building wall in the city of Astana, Kazakhstan. Nazarbayev University School of Engineering
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/3764
Viability study of PV panels anchored on a building wall in the city of Astana, Kazakhstan
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/37632021-02-05T08:12:39Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Kurmashev, Sabit
author
2019-01
Modern gear tooth contact models are implicit multiple equation
systems which rely on numerical solution techniques. Often, they require
initial guess values. If they are not accurate enough, problems with solution
convergence may appear and demand significant computational effort to be
solved. In this paper a new model is developed using a modified version of
the fundamental law of gearing in three dimensions. Gear surfaces were
parametrized using two parameters which are radius from center of gear to
the point of contact and its projection on the center line. Due to such specific
parametrization, it was possible to derive a set of modified vector equations
for surface coincidence and tangency which could be reduced to 2 scalar
explicit equations with 2 unknowns, and which provides effectiveness in
finding the solution of tooth contact compared to other models. The profile
tangency conditions are expressed through the following aspects: cross
product of surface normal that is equal to zero, which is more closely linked
to the physical meaning of the tangency condition, and the fact that
difference of vectors from centers of gears to point of contact at the meshing
position is equal to distance between centers of gears.
Kurmashev, Sabi (2019) Explicit solution to the 3-D contact analysis problem of non-conjugate gear teeth in parallel-axis and cross-axis helical configurations
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/3763
Explicit solution to the 3-D contact analysis problem of non-conjugate gear teeth in parallel-axis and cross-axis helical configurations
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/37622021-02-05T08:12:42Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Suleimenov, Kanat
author
2019-01
Capturing of maximum power using wind energy conversion systems
(WECS) is one of the focused problems in constructing high efficient wind energy
source systems. In wind turbines with variable speed, maximum power can be
reached at the point called optimal tip speed ratio point. Traditional anemometers
are not effective in terms of accuracy of measured speed. Various methods are
suggested to precisely estimate wind speed. A genetic algorithm is one of the
proposed approaches to calculate wind speed accurately. However, its
implementation is hard due to many parameters in the input. The relationship
between the aerodynamic torque and wind speed gives us the opportunity to
receive information about wind speed using the observed value of the
aerodynamic torque. Several observers such as robust observers and sliding mode
observers are introduced, and in their design stage, the assumption about slowly
varying aerodynamic torque is made. In some cases, the fact of the proportionality
of the aerodynamic torque to the wind speed makes this assumption inappropriate
for a real system. Linear control methods are not satisfied to control WECSs due
to its nonlinear nature. Application of nonlinear control techniques can be
complicated and difficult in practice.
Suleimenov, Kanat (2019) Disturbance observer based integral sliding mode control for wind energy conversion systems. Nazarbayev University School of Engineering
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/3762
Disturbance observer based integral sliding mode control for wind energy conversion systems
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/37612021-02-05T08:12:44Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Batai, Shaheidula
author
2019-01
Various types of wall-climbing robots have been designed to fulfill the assignments in the spots which are either difficult to reach or hazardous for the human being. The boiler plays the vital role in electrical power plants, which consists of a number of tubes of 63.4 mm in diameter and of 30 m in length. The tubes are faced with defects such as externally reduction of wall thickness due to abrasion or corrosion as well as the internal cracks due to erosion. Any problem or failure may affect the efficiency or shut down the entire plants. Thus, the early diagnose or fault detection is essential to prevent the inefficiency and the outage of the power plants. A tracked, magnetic wall-climbing robot is designed to perform an inspection of the defect over the boiler tubes in fossil power plants semi-automatically. During the inspection, a camera is carried by the magnetic wall-climbing robot to take high-resolution photos of the tubes. A magnet bar is fixed under the robot which provides the suction force. In this report, the development of the wall-climbing robot is shown, and the remote inspection technique is discussed in details.
Batai, Shaheidula (2019) Development of a wall-climbing robot for boiler tube inspection. Nazarbayev University School of Engineering
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/3761
Development of a wall-climbing robot for boiler tube inspection
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/37602021-02-05T08:12:48Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Keleshibieke, Yesitai
author
2019-01
Facing the current extreme global environmental and energy crisis, wind
energy, as a source of renewable energy, is becoming more and more crucial to
the future development of human civilization. Wind energy technology is
already well developed and widely used around the world. Currently, horizontal
axis wind turbines (HAWT) are the most common and efficient type of wind
turbines that are widely used in commercial wind farms. And the key to greater
power output and high efficiency lies in the design of wind turbine blades. Thus,
the design optimization of wind turbine blades plays a significant role in
achieving our goal.
In this thesis, the current research status, design theory, and methods are
reviewed; and blade efficiency, torques and force coefficients of wind turbine
blades are analyzed. This study is based on the momentum-blade element theory
and CFD method. The NREL Phase VI blade model is built. A truly 3D
optimization platform, consisting of Solidworks, Ansys Fluent and Ansys
Workbench/Design Xplorer, is used in the optimization process, in which a
direct optimization method is adopted for the aerodynamic optimization of the
NREL Phase VI turbine blade. The average power output of the turbine is set as
a goal of optimization which should be maximized during the optimization
process. To achieve that, the positions of the trailing edges on 20 cross sections
are set as independent variables which change within a certain range to achieve
maximum power output. As a result, the power output increases by over 9
percent and proves the accuracy and feasibility of the optimization methodology.
Keleshibieke, Yesitai (2019) Wind turbine optimization. Nazarbayev University School of Engineering
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/3760
wind turbine optimization
numerical simulation
CFD
BEM
IBEM
genetic algorithm
GDO
Wind turbine optimization
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/37832021-02-05T08:12:51Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Sultanbek, Adilet
author
2018-12
Large power transformers are considered as the most expensive assets in power system network after hydro generators. Therefore, monitoring of such equipment needs to take special attention. Frequency Response Analysis (FRA) is one of the efficient methods to examine the mechanical condition of the transformer without opening the transformer tank. FRA is a comparative method, where the measured response is compared to the reference fingerprints. Therefore, interpretation of the FRA results needs to be done by an expert in the field. To overcome this problem, so that untrained personnel would be able to use FRA for transformer condition monitoring the interpretation of the frequency response should be based on standard or on some criteria. In this study, various statistical indices for frequency response results interpretation will be introduced and evaluated. Frequency responses of single-phase 0.4-1kVA transformers and three-phase transformers up to 40kVA are interpreted by statistical indices. Outcome of each indicator is discussed and the most reliable ones for FR interpretation are suggested. The simulation of inter-disk short circuit was performed by the rheostat connected in parallel with the winding of transformer. The voltage taps of the transformers were used in order to have the access to different percentage of the transformer winding. With the help of different voltage taps and different resistances in parallel, the two levels of critical values were found and advised to use.
Sultanbek, Adilet (2018). Exploring Statistical Index Criteria for Transformer Frequency Response Interpretation. Nazarbayev University School of Engineering
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/3783
Exploring Statistical Index Criteria for Transformer Frequency Response Interpretation
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/37822021-02-05T08:12:53Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Mukhatov, Azamat
author
2018-12
It is possible to considerably decrease the fossil fuel consumption and reduce the pollution created by the conventional vehicles by employing Electric Vehicles (EVs) and wireless charging techniques. The EV wireless charging systems can be divided into two categories based on the vehicle’s position during charging, namely, Stationary Wireless Charging (SWC) and Dynamic Wireless Charging (DWC). DWC has more advantages as compared to SWC, in terms of charging time and reducing battery’s size. Despite of the fact that it provides more benefits, there are various issues related to the passenger safety and the system’s efficiency due to the fact that the vehicle is charged in motion. In addition, the issue of pulsations at the receiving coil mounted on the vehicle presents a significant challenge. Hence, this thesis specifically focuses on, discusses and analyzes the effect of distance between the adjacent transmitting coils, shape of the coils and distance between the transmitting as well as the receiving coils on the DWC system’s output. In this thesis, mathematical modeling of a multi-channel DWC system is conducted, simulation and experimental studies for different distances between the transmitting coils are performed, and the results are discussed in detail. A possible solution to reduce the pulsations is provided and a future work on the subject of DWC systems for EVs is discussed. Moreover, the issue related to the electromagnetic safety of the system is considered and studied by means of a simulating the magnetic flux density around the coils.
Mukhatov, Azamat (2018). Power Pulsation Reduction Analysis in Dynamic Wireless Charging of Electric Vehicles. Nazarbayev University School of Engineering
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/3782
Power Pulsation Reduction Analysis in Dynamic Wireless Charging of Electric Vehicles
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/37812021-02-05T08:12:56Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Khassenov, Auyez
author
2018-12
Frequency Response Analysis (FRA) is the common tool for transformer condition diagnosis. FRA allows to detect alterations in the transformer structure due to coverage of wide frequency range. Nevertheless, the frequency response is sensitive to external parameters. In this work, different connection schemes for external parameters are implemented and investigated. The theoretical justification is provided for each scenario. The measurement trend is visualized. The interpretation of frequency response signature requires expert knowledge. Statistical indices can be used for unbiased interpretation. Therefore, four statistical indices are employed to analyze the effect of external resistance, capacitance and inductance on the test objects.
Khassenov, Auyez (2018). Influence of External Parameters on Transformer FRA Signature and Statistical Indices. Nazarbayev University School of Engineering
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/3781
Influence of External Parameters on Transformer FRA Signature and Statistical Indices
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/37862021-02-05T08:12:59Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Aitkulov, Arman
author
2018-12
Telehealth is quickly becoming an essential tool in delivering medical care. It can easily be used to monitor the states of patients who are located at remote locations away from hospitals. For example, breathing rate is one of important physiological parameters requiring monitoring, since it can be used in the diagnosis of respiratory diseases. However, the tools of remote monitoring have to be cheap and easy in use. These requirements can be satisfied by smartphone sensor based on plastic optical fiber (POF). The proposed solution is an all-fiber sensor where the flashlight acts as a light source and the camera acts as a photodetector. First of all, smartphones have become ubiquitous. POF, on the other hand, is not expensive. Hence, the proposed combination can be a cost-effective solution for implementing telehealth. In the work, the technique of intensity modulation in POF is adapted for sensing breathing rate. The measurements are analyzed in both time and frequency domains. In addition, multiplexing is also a promising direction for conducting sensing in optical fibers, since it can be used to measure multiple parameters. The possibility of implementing it in POF will be considered as well.
Aitkulov, Arman (2018). Smartphone Plastic Optical Fiber Sensors. Nazarbayev University School of Engineering
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/3786
Smartphone Plastic Optical Fiber Sensors
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/37852021-02-05T08:13:02Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Orazayev, Yerzhan
author
2018-12
This report focuses on development of demodulation software for ultra-dense distributed chirped fiber Bragg grating optical sensors, which measure temperature and strain with 75 micron resolution over 1.5 cm for advanced medical applications. Initially, addressed problem is stated, thermal ablation technology is discussed, and basic background of optics is considered. Next, old and new reconstruction algorithms are reviewed in detail. It follows with discussion of MATLAB code to LabVIEW environment transition. Real spectrum measurements, which are used for verification of proposed reconstruction, were obtained during experiments conducted under supervision of Professor Daniele Tosi. The obtained data is used as software inputs to obtain thermal distribution. Moreover, significance and opportunities of temperature prediction for the proposed technology is discussed. Finally, the results of prediction based on linear regression model are analyzed and further improvements of technology are proposed.
Orazayev, Yerzhan (2018). Demodulation of Fiber-Optic Chirped Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for Thermal Pattern Detection. Nazarbayev University School of Engineering
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/3785
Demodulation of Fiber-Optic Chirped Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors for Thermal Pattern Detection
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/37842021-02-05T08:13:04Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Sovetov, Sultan
author
2018-12
There are various procedures for the tumor removal process, which include surgical procedures and thermal ablation processes. The surgical method is considered as the traditional one; however, the thermal ablation processes are conducted as well. These thermal ablation processes require temperature change monitoring of the area of the tissue, where the heat is applied. In this work, it is suggested to use fiber-optic sensors for temperature change monitoring in minimally invasive thermo-therapies for cancer care. The comparison of fiber-optic sensors, based on the 5-element FBG array, the CFBG, and the OBR, all of which are operating in real-time and suggested to be used for the temperature change monitoring in minimally invasive thermo-therapies for cancer care was provided in this work. The following criteria was used to compare these temperature sensing technologies: spatial resolution, temperature sensing range, hardware setup, time required for temperature change reconstruction and cost. There were experiments conducted in both the laboratory and in the clinical settings. Also, various recommendations and improvements for future experiments were provided as well. Considering the minimal invasiveness, low-cost and operation in real-time, all of the previously mentioned fiber-optic sensors could be used for the given application; however, the CFBG sensor is suggested to be the most suitable one compared to its alternatives, which are the 5-element FBG array and the OBR-based sensors.
Sovetov, Sultan (2018). Fiber-optic sensors for real-time temperature monitoring in minimally invasive thermo-therapies. Nazarbayev University School of Engineering
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/3784
Fiber-optic sensors for real-time temperature monitoring in minimally invasive thermo-therapies
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/37902021-02-05T08:13:07Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Aliakhmet, Kamilla
author
2018-12
Astronomical images obtained from existing cameras are subjected to various types of noise artifacts. Impulse noise is one of them and it is visible as dark and bright spots on the image. Common practice to remove impulse noise is to perform averaging of several frames. This will increase signal-to-noise ratio of the image; however, impulse noise might still be present. The noisy image will hinder the performance of further processing operations such as edge detection. In this thesis, variable pixel G-neighbor temporal filtering circuit is proposed to improve the quality of astronomical images with the impulse noise. As compared to conventional averaging of frames in time domain, where all pixels are summed, proposed circuit select pixels in each frame that are closest to reference pixel. The circuit operates in analog domain, and it was designed and tested using 180 nm CMOS technology. Simulations demonstrate improvement in peak-signal-to-noise (PSNR) ratio, mean squared error (MSE) and structural similarity index measure (SSIM) as compared to conventional averaging of frames and existing edge-aware denoising algorithms.
Aliakhmet, Kamilla (2018). Temporal G-Neighbor Filtering for Analog Domain Noise Reduction in Astronomical Videos. Nazarbayev University School of Engineering
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/3790
Temporal G-Neighbor Filtering for Analog Domain Noise Reduction in Astronomical Videos
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/37892021-02-05T08:13:09Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Adam, Kazybek
author
2018-12
Neural Network (NN) algorithms have existed for long time now. However, they started to reemerge only after computers had been invented, because computational resources are required to implement NN algorithms. In fact, computers themselves are not fast enough to train and run the NNs. It can take days to train some complex neural networks for certain applications. One of the complex NNs that became widely used is Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) NN algorithm.
As a broader approach to increase the computation speed and decrease power consumption of neural network algorithms, hardware realizations of the neural networks have emerged. Mainly FPGA and analog hardware are used for these purposes. On this occasion, it happens to be only FPGA implementations of LSTM exist. Using this lack, this thesis work mainly aims to show that LSTM neural network is realizable and functional in analog hardware. In fact, analog hardware using memristive crossbars can be a potential solution to the speed bottleneck experienced in software implementations of LSTM and other complex neural networks in general.
This work mainly focuses on implementation of already trained LSTM neural networks in analog circuitry. Since training consists of both forward and backward pass computations through NNs, first, there should be focus on implementing the circuitry that can run forward passes. This forward running circuit further can be extended to a complete circuit which would include training circuitry.
Additionally, there exists various LSTM topologies. Software analysis has been done to compare the performance of each LSTM architecture for time-series prediction and time-series classification applications. Each of the architectures can be implemented in analog circuitry without great difficulty using voltage-based LSTM circuit parts due its easiness to reconfigure. Fully functional implementation of the voltage-based memristive LSTM in SPICE circuit simulator is the main contribution of this thesis work. In comparison, current-based LSTM circuit parts may not be easily rearranged due to the difficulty of passing currents from one stage to the next without degradation in magnitude.
Adam, Kazybek (2018). LSTM neural network implementation using memristive crossbar circuits and its various topologies. Nazarbayev University School of Engineering
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/3789
LSTM neural network implementation using memristive crossbar circuits and its various topologies
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/37912021-02-05T08:13:12Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Akhmetov, Yerbol
author
2018-12
A physical implementation of a non-volatile resistive switching device (ReRAM) and linking its concept to memristor triggered prolific research in neuromorphic and memory related fields in 2008. This resistive switching device lately generalized as memristor has a property of changing the resistance depending on its present resistive state and applied bias and retaining the established resistive state for a long duration after removal of the bias. Due to its nanoscale size and memory properties, the memristive devices are widely employed in designing artificial neural networks using crossbar architectures. Among various neural networks, a probabilistic neural network stands out by its straightforward training process that facilitates crossbar-based hardware implementation, which is the primary objective of this work.
This thesis first makes an overview on the probabilistic neural network and hardware implementations of it. Then, an analog circuit design of the probabilistic neural network is proposed, which consists of three main components: crossbar section, hidden layer block, and maximum selector circuits. To address the issue of the sneak path in crossbar architectures, a modular crossbar approach is employed. In this method, a large crossbar is separated into several sub-crossbars of smaller sizes. It is demonstrated that this technique significantly reduces the sneak path current which commonly deteriorates the performance of the crossbar systems. In order to perform subtraction and exponential operations of the PNN, CMOS-based subtraction and exponential circuits are adopted and modified to have lower area and power consumption. The performance of the circuit implementation of the PNN is tested using MNIST dataset and compared with the software version. The SPICE simulations using 45nm CMOS process technology revealed good correspondence between hardware and software realizations. The system level simulations demonstrated that the hardware realization of the PNN can have up to 93.3% recognition accuracy of the handwritten digits for properly selected smoothing parameter.
Akhmetov, Yerbol (2018). Hardware Implementation of Probabilistic Neural Network. Nazarbayev University School of Engineering
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/3791
Hardware Implementation of Probabilistic Neural Network
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/37922021-02-05T08:13:14Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Myrzakhmet, Serikbolsyn
author
2018-12
Ideally, a memristor has infinite memory states making it a promising device as an analog memory. However, real memristors are limited by the number of states and non-idealities make it even more challenging to retain and program a large set of stable states. In this thesis, we propose a multilevel memory cell design consisting of two memristors, one resistor and one transistor for discrete level storage and computing. By using different combinations of ON and OFF memristor, binary, ternary, and quaternary memory states are implemented. The design simplifies the writing and reading processes and makes the overall circuitry more reliable relative to the existing designs. Tanner software simulations indicate that the cell is robust to variabilities and show distinctive output voltages so that each memory state can be reliably differentiated. Such multilevel memory cell is essential for building intelligent machines. Hence, the proposed memory cell is applied for Hierarchical Temporal Memory (HTM) machine learning algorithm which replicates the structure of the human neocortex. In particular, we propose to use the memory cell for HTM Temporal Memory (TM) part for storing so called class-map which is a reference image representing a particular class. It is created based on important and unimportant features of training images within a class. With this technique there is no need to store all training images as a result of which memory requirements are reduced. For HTM Spatial Pooler (SP) which is necessary for generating Sparse Distributed Representations (SDRs) and pattern matching needed for classification, we adopted algorithms with existing hardware architectures. The software algorithm of the proposed methodology of HTM implementation was developed and tested with Yale face image dataset in Matlab. The maximum accuracy of Monte-Carlo simulations with model selection is achieved to be 83.37%.
Myrzakhmet, Serikbolsyn (2018). Memristor-Based Multilevel Memory Circuit for Hierarchical Temporal Memory. Nazarbayev University School of Engineering
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/3792
Memristor-Based Multilevel Memory Circuit for Hierarchical Temporal Memory
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/38262021-02-05T08:09:35Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Arzykulov, Sultangali
author
2019-04-10
The increasing demand for wireless applications is making radio spectrum scarce. Meantime, studies show that the assigned spectrum is not thoroughly utilized. The cognitive
radio (CR) technology is proposed as a feasible key technology to solve issues related
to the spectrum scarcity. CR can improve the spectrum utilization by reusing the unused
spectrum occupied by licensed users. Introduction of CR networks produces two kinds
of interference: interference from the CR network (secondary network) to the primary
network (PN) and the interference among secondary users. All unwanted interference
should be adequately managed in order not to jeopardize the performance of the PN and
at the same time improve the performance of CR systems. Interference alignment (IA) is
a promising technique that can efficiently manage interference. One of the aims of this
thesis is to mitigate the interference by deploying multiple antennas at both transmitter
and receiver sides in order to improve the performance of CR networks.
The rapid growth of data-hungry wireless applications is forcing us to perform energy
harvesting (EH) from external power sources for the next-generation of wireless communication systems. Especially, CR networks, where receiver nodes need advanced hardware
to process a large amount of data, require higher energy consumption. Thus, another goal
of the current thesis is to investigate simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) in CR networks in the presence of intra- and inter-network interference over
various channel state conditions.
Firstly, a cooperative CR network is investigated over the general α−µ fading channel.
The contribution of this study is mainly described by the exact closed-form expression
for the outage probability (OP) of secondary users, which clearly shows how the outage
saturation paradigm appears when the interference level at primary receiver is applied.
Secondly, the proposed cooperative CR is extended by applying multiple-input multiple out (MIMO) antennas and an IA technique to deal with intra- and inter-network
interference. The negative effect of interference at both primary and secondary receivers
is mitigated by using precoding and interference suppression beamforming matrices. The
management of interference at primary receivers allows secondary transmitters to increase the transmit power level. Moreover, the instantaneous capacity performance is
assessed for the same CR system by applying two EH methods, i.e., time-switching (TS)
and power-splitting (PS). Then, the optimal values of TS and PS portions are determined
for different channel state information (CSI) scenarios. In addition, the effect of imperfect
CSI on bit error rate and capacity performance is provided.
Finally, we jointly study a cooperative CR and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA),
where we derive closed-form expressions for the OP of NOMA secondary destination
users for detect-and-forward and amplify-and-forward relaying techniques. Furthermore,
power allocation factors for different distances of secondary NOMA users are found to
satisfy OP fairness for all users. In addition, the proposed CR-NOMA network model is
further studied with enabled SWIPT technology.
Arzykulov, Sultangali (2019). Enhanced cognitive radio with energy harvesting and non-ortohogonal multiple access. Nazarbayev University School of Engineering
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/3826
Enhanced cognitive radio with energy harvesting and non-ortohogonal multiple access
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/39932021-02-05T08:53:27Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Tauanov, Zhandos
author
2019-06
With growing issue of the abundance of coal fly ash throughout the world that occupy landfills by creating both environmental and health problems, the requirement for an effective utilization method is constantly growing. Another issue that also needs to be tackled is the contamination of water with hazardous metals and radioactive ions, such as Hg2+ and I-. There is a huge interest of research community in conversion of coal fly ash into zeolites and composites. The impetus is on the optimization of its production process and modification with silver nanoparticles. This, however, requires a thorough understanding of coal fly ash zeolitization conditions and mechanisms. The preferred route of the synthesis of zeolites is the hydrothermal treatment of coal fly ash in a strong alkali solution at elevated temperatures, followed by doping of silver nanoparticles. The process involves several parameters, such as reaction temperature, time, the concentration and L/S ratio, Si/Al ratio in coal fly ash. These parameters appear to have an arbitrary effect on the yield of zeolite and the nanocomposite produced thereof. We propose a conversion model using the fuzzy system and optimize the zeolitization process. The model is designed and developed, using the data, both from literature and experiments, and is later optimized to provide accurate inferences. Further, the doping of silver nanoparticles to produce nanocomposites and using the novel nanocomposite for efficient remediation of Hg2+ and I- from water to study the mechanism by multiple advanced characterization methods....
Tauanov, Zhandos (2019) REMOVAL OF MERCURY AND IODIDE FROM WATER USING FLY ASH DERIVED ZEOLITES AND NANOCOMPOSITES. Nazarbayev University School of Engineering.
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/3993
coal consumption
REMOVAL OF MERCURY AND IODIDE FROM WATER USING FLY ASH DERIVED ZEOLITES AND NANOCOMPOSITES
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/41492021-02-05T08:56:57Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Beisbayeva, Zhuldyz
author
2019-08
More than 200,000 people are suffering from Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) related
injuries each year in the US. There is an unmet clinical demand for improving biological
attachment between grafts and the host tissue in addition to providing mechanical support. For
biological graft integration, it is important to provide physiologically feasible environment for
the host cells to enable them to perform their duties. However, behavior of cells during ACL
healing and, thus, the mechanism of ACL healing is not fully understood partly due to the
absence of appropriate environment to test cell behavior both in vitro and in vivo. In order to
help reveal this mechanism, this study aims at: i) investigating the change in fibril diameter of
bovine ACL tissue upon injury, and ii) fabricating nanofiber based scaffolds to represent the
morphology and structure of healthy and injured ACL tissues.
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/4149
Achilles Tendon
Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Medial Collateral Ligament
Tendon
A nanofibrous scaffold representative of the change in collagen fibril diameter distribution of bovine anterior cruciate ligament upon injury [Thesis]
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/44972021-02-05T09:15:37Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Krestinskaya, Olga
author
2018-05
The on-chip implementation of learning algorithms would accelerate the training of neural networks in crossbar arrays. The circuit level design and implementation of backpropagation algorithm using gradient descent operation for neural network architectures is an open problem. In addition, the learning architecture for Hierarchical Temporal Memory (HTM) has not been proposed yet.
In this work, the HTM learning process is investigated. The analog hardware implementation of backpropagation learning circuit based on memristive crossbar arrays is proposed.
The learning stages in HTM are investigated. The learning circuit for HTM Temporal Memory is proposed. The integration of HTM Spatial Pooler with the backpropagation learning stage is illustrated. The study of rule-based HTM Spatial Pooler without learning is shown.
The analog backpropagation learning circuits for various memristive learning architectures, such as Deep Neural Network (DNN), Binary Neural Network (BNN), Multiple Neural Network (MNN), Hierarchical Temporal Memory (HTM) and Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) are proposed. The implementation of additional circuit and activation functions that can be used in the construction of various biologically inspired learning architectures is shown.
The circuits are simulated in SPICE using TSMC 180nm CMOS process models, and HP memristor models. The proposed learning methods are tested for various visual data processing applications, such as face recognition and handwritten digits recognition.
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/4497
multiple neural network
Research Subject Categories::TECHNOLOGY
Research Subject Categories::TECHNOLOGY::Electrical engineering, electronics and photonics
binary neural network
BNN
MNN
deep neural network
DNN
SLAM: Spatiotemporal Learning with AnalogMemristive Circuits for HTM
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/46222021-02-05T09:15:53Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Karibayev, Mirat
author
2020-05
Novel Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) are being developed, which are non-flammable and biodegradable. These DESs are used in application for organic synthesis, metal processing, gas absorption, and removal of different undesired impurities in oil & gas industries. For instance, a combination of caprolactam (CPL) and tetrabutylammonium halides (1:1, mole ratio), as the DES, has indicated the highest efficiency for desulfurization of natural gas. We herein implement abinitio and molecular dynamic simulations to explore the formation of CPL based type III DESs. The simulations show ~15% decline in the ionic interactions of tetrabutylammonium halides and ~92% decline in the hydrogen bonds between CPL, thereby explaining the rapid decline in the melting point as noted in experiments during the formation of DES. Moreover, ab-initio and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations of the caprolactam based DES with hydrogen sulfides and methane’s were conducted in order to mimic the industrial natural gas sweetening process. Efficient absorption of hydrogen sulfide from natural gas at various process parameters (5000/10000 ppm H2S, at 25/ 60 oC, and at 1/10 bar) can be highlighted from the molecular dynamic simulations. The results revealed strong intermolecular interactions between the anions of the caprolactam based DESs and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), with interaction energies ~10 folds higher than methane (CH4)/hydrogen sulfide (H2S), explaining the mechanism of desulfurization by these DESs. The ab-initio and molecular dynamics simulations were computed via the implementation of GAUSSIAN16, GROMACS software’s. The given work also illustrates that two DESs, namely a combination of choline chloride (ChCl) with urea, and monoethanolamine (MEA) with methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (MTPPBr) were implemented to compare their capacity to absorb hydrogen sulfide (H2S), however we observed that the CPL based DESs are highly efficient, particularly at low fuel:DES mole ratios, low temperatures, and at low pressures.
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/4622
caprolactam
CPL
Deep Eutectic Solvents
DESs
choline chloride
ChCl
monoethanolamine
methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide
MTPPBr
hydrogen sulfide
H2S
Submitted in fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science in Chemical and Materials Engineering
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/46212021-02-05T09:15:56Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Sabyrov, Nurbol
author
2020-05
The most widely spread and used 3D printing technology is Fused Deposition Modeling. The main reason for such usage due to its simplicity in manufacturing and low cost. The common problem of FDM is an anisotropic property of the extruded layer. An increasing number of new filament materials and their combination in the filling process decrease bonding strength between layers. Implementation of diode (450nm) laser with 5Watt power for localized heating of the pre-deposition layer proposed to overcome this problem. By controlling the power of the laser at the moment of printing, layer interface temperature reached for critical point, where the bonding diffusion process between layers increased for maximum level. Implementation of laser-assisted heating increased the ultimate tensile strength of PLA material to 9.67% at a laser power of 2.84Watt. However, the negative impact of heating on surface roughness also observed. The excessing laser power at a certain point leads to the formation of cracks and breaks on filament layers. This thesis described a control system used for adjusting laser power. The reported method is straightforward to use for other types of heating systems. Multi-directional heating system logic also was written in this work, where 3 diode lasers installed. The controller is capable of controlling many lasers at one time. In the case of printing objects with different filaments, it is also could be rewritten into controlling laser power deepened on filament type. The effect of the implementation of laser is analyzed from the energy and economic point of view. Even though energy consumption increases by 48% for energy cost, it is negligible. Regarding the financial aspect of implementation, the fixed price will rise by 53%, whereas the cost of electricity will be insignificant. Generally, the optimization of this method could bring more valuable benefits for the mechanical property of the FDM fabricated product.
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/4621
FDM
laser
interlayer diffusion
anisotropy
Enhancing interlayer bond strength through diode laser assisted FDM process
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/46232021-02-05T09:15:59Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Kalakova, Aidana
author
2020-05
The growth of the interest in the Distributed Energy Resources in the Active Distribution
Networks, along with the increasing requirements of the customers, leads to the issue of the
optimal energy scheduling. Forming of the microgrids for the generation of the local energy can
solve this problem by improving the flexibility and reliability of the system by bringing selfsupportable systems. Unfortunately, in case of energy excess or demand in the microgrid, the
trading should be conducted with the grid at the established prices known as Feed-in tariff and
Time-of-use. These prices not optimal for microgrids’ trading, as energy generated by microgrid
is costing less than the price set by the grid for buying, and more than the price set for selling.
Some counties completely eliminated trading with the microgrids, which leads to the significant
challenges to the self-controlled operation systems. By combining ideas of the smart grid and
microgrid, especially the advantages of two approaches, the Multi-Microgrid system comes into
the picture. The Multi-Microgrid system allows energy exchange between the microgrids in the
network by sharing the excess energy with those in demand. Nevertheless, the presence of the
Transactive Energy Management will not fully solve the issue of the total load and generation
difference in the Multi-Microgrid system.
This master thesis work proposes the use of the Dynamic Economic Dispatch for the MultiMicrogrid system with Transactive Energy Management, where Game Theory is used for the
identification of the bidding for the microgrids. In the proposed approach Dynamic Economic
Dispatch is a way of effective management of the microgrids, with providing secure and
economically optimal energy scheduling. Besides, use of the Dynamic Economic Dispatch for the
Multi-Microgrid system management will motivate microgrids to participate in the energy
auctions, which also leads to the diminution of the difference between the load and the generation
in the system. Also, author of work proposes using of three different platforms for energy
exchange: trading with the grid, energy trading with centralized structure, and decentralized
Transactive Energy management, where the aim is to analyze the results of the different
approaches and define the best among them.
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/4623
Distribution Network
DN
Distributed Generator
Game Theory
DG
Research Subject Categories::MATHEMATICS
Dynamic Economic Dispatch
Dynamic Economic Dispatch for Multi-Microgrid System using Game Theory
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/46402021-02-05T09:16:02Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Amanbek, Yerasyl
author
2020-05
Increased penetration of renewable energy-based plug-able and Distributed Energy Resources
(DER) brings new challenges to distribution systems. To address these changes, the power system
experts promote Transactive Energy (TE) models. Transactive Energy is a concept of providing
control over energy exchange by integrating electricity markets and auction mechanisms. Numbers
of studies on TE have shown a positive effect of TE management systems on distribution system
efficiency, security, and reliability. However, it is still difficult to suggest TE model that will
consider majority of distribution network constraints. The constraints include power allocation,
voltage stability, network losses, congestion constraints and others. In the past Optimal Power
Flow (OPF) method was used for distribution system management. Therefore, this thesis
concentrates on modelling and simulation of feasible TE framework. In addition, more attention
will be given for energy scheduling utilizing Distribution Locational Marginal Price (DLMP). The
DLMP is key parameter that determine true cost of energy accounting topology, power losses,
congestion, and other parameters. Therefore, this work will examine DLMP based Transactive
Energy framework for distribution systems with enthusiastic or smart prosumers. The framework
uses MAS as the basis on which the proposed Transactive Energy (TE) model, i.e. DLMP based
TE Management System (DTEMS), is implemented. DTEMS uses a novel metric known as nodal
earning component, which is determined by the optimal power flow (OPF) based smart auction
mechanism, to schedule the TE transactions optimally among the stakeholders by alleviating the
congestion in the distribution system. Based on the individual contributions to the congestion
relief, DTEMS ranks the prosumers and loads as Most Valuable Players (MVPs) and assigns the
energy trading price according to the category of the player. The effectiveness of the proposed TE
model is verified by simulating the proposed DTEMS for a modified 33 bus radial distribution
system fed with various plug-able energy resources, prosumers, and microgrids.
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/4640
Research Subject Categories::TECHNOLOGY
Decentralized Transactive Energy
DTE
Transactive Energy
TE
Optimal Power Flow
OPF
Decentralized Transactive Energy Management Framework for Distribution Systems
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/46502021-02-05T09:16:16Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Rakhmetova, Aiym
author
2020-05
Fungal keratitis is a kind of dangerous, sight-threatening corneal infections which
crucially affects the quality of patients’ life, especially in developing countries where it is more
prevalent. The infection often has more unfavorable outcomes than other types of eye
infections, yet there is not much evidence to present treatment. Currently used methods of
treatment applied in ophthalmology are the topical application of a drug in the form of eye
drops, liquids, and emulsions. However, the anatomical and physiological structure of the eye
restricts the delivery of a therapeutically active drug concentration for ocular disease treatment.
Natural barriers protect the eye from different damaging factors while limiting the penetration
of a drug.
Consequently, such topical delivery requires increased employment in order to maintain
adequate bioavailability and concentration levels. Eventually, it leads to a long-time expensive
treatment. Another route is a systemic treatment, which is more effective in comparison with
the topical route but limited due to a significant number of side effects.
Thus, it has directed our concerns to develop a new cost-effective drug delivery vehicle,
which can provide sustained and prolonged drug release. Over the past decades, the variety of
ophthalmological strategies was applied with an attempt to overcome those ocular obstacles
and achieve therapeutically most effective transport of the drug to targeted segments of the eye
with different drugs used, namely, natamycin, econazole, voriconazole, and ketoconazole.
In this study, using voriconazole as a non-toxic antifungal agent, the new polymerbased drug delivery device was developed, characterized, and in-vitro, in-vivo tested. The
system is present in the form of flexible hydrogel rods with a porous structure which are loaded
with the drug. This thesis work demonstrates that a polymer ocular insert can significantly
reduce the dosing frequency of voriconazole administration and improve long-term patient
compliance. The obtained data shows the prolonged release of drugs from the device with a
peak concentration of 1.2 mg/mL within the first hour.
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/4650
Dimethyl sulfoxide
Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy
Fungal Keratitis
Polyethylene glycol 1000
Ultraviolet
X-Ray Spectroscopy
Voriconazole
Scanning Electron Microscopy
Research Subject Categories::TECHNOLOGY
Development of a new polymer ocular insert to treat fungal infections threatening the cornea
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/46512021-02-05T09:16:19Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Nurseiit, Alibek
author
2020-05
Catalytic reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to amines via homogeneous and
heterogeneous approaches was performed. For homogeneous catalysis the combination of
commercially available Co(acac)2 and dpephos ligand (dpephos = bis[(2-
diphenylphosphino)phenyl]ether) was effectively employed showing the full conversion of
the substrate at room temperature using PhSiH3 and HBPin as reductants. For heterogeneous
catalysis, two approaches were used, such as generation of free cobalt nanoparticles from
Co(OAc)2 and preparation of three composites derived from commercially available
Co(OAc)2 and CoCl2 and surface modified silica. The application of free cobalt nanoparticles
showed reduction of nitro compounds with full conversion at room temperature within 20 h.
The synthesized cobalt composite materials were subjected to reduction of 2-nitrophenol with
NaBH4 in water. Comparative kinetic studies indicated that the composite catalyst derived
from Co(OAc)2 has the highest catalytic activity in reduction of 2-nitrophenol with the rate
constant of 6.72x10-2 min-1. The transition from homogenous catalysis to heterogeneous
approach for an effective reduction of aromatic nitro compounds to amines as well as removal
of nitro compounds from aqueous solutions were articulated in the present thesis work.
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/4651
Ultraviolet-visible
UV-vis
Scanning Electron Microscope – Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy
SEM-EDS
tricyclohexyl phosphine
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Gas Chromatography - Mass Spectroscopy
Catechol
nanoparticle
Research Subject Categories::TECHNOLOGY
Cobalt catalyzed reduction of aromatic nitro compounds via homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/46522021-02-05T09:16:24Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Kabyl, Almat
author
2020-05
Produced water is a waste of significant concern due to its high volume being produced every day and complex chemical composition. In order to meet environmental regulations and standards, different techniques can be used to treat produced water. This work first summarizes produced water composition, its related environmental impact, regulations, and standards, as well as a possible combination of different treatment techniques. The work aims to develop a generic framework for a risk-based approach to produced water management. The proposed methodology considers the integration of environmental, technical, and economic risks in the decision-making process for produced water management. Environmental risk assessment is conducted by Dose-related Risk and Effects Assessment Model (DREAM), Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is used to estimate technical risk, and cost-benefit analysis is performed to calculate economic risk. To integrate all the risk values, acceptable risk levels are set and compared to the calculated risk values. Experts assign weighting factors by using pair-wise comparison. The sum of the multiplied weighting factors to the ratio of calculated-acceptable risk values gives the final integrated risk. This framework can help to examine and select the most suitable treatment or reuse technique or identify potential areas for improvement in a specific site. The estimated risk can be used to justify the selection process. A case study on the produced water treatment in Thunder Horse Oil Field is presented to demonstrate the application of the proposed framework.
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/4652
Biological aerated filters
Dose-related Risk and Effect Assessment model
DREAM
Naturally occurring radioactive materials
NORM
Species Sensitivity Distribution
SSD
Research Subject Categories::TECHNOLOGY
Failure Mode and Effects Analysis
Risk-based approach to the management of produced water in oil and gas industries: its pollution prevention and mitigation
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/46612021-02-05T09:16:27Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Zinetullina, Altyngul
author
2020-05
Chemical process systems are becoming more and more sophisticated and complex. This makes it more challenging to identify the causes of system failures and perform the process safety analysis. In most cases, accidents happen at the level of socio-technical interactions, and the emerging hazards of these systems cannot be wholly identified and are highly uncertain. Resilient process systems can better handle uncertain hazards and failure scenarios. The dynamic resilience assessment facilitates the identification of the critical factors affecting resilience during the pre- and post-failure phases in a temporal manner. This, in turn, facilitates the identification of the root causes of the accident, timely prevention of it, and employment of useful and specific safety measures.
This study has made a first attempt to use a Bow-Tie (BT) model as a tool to perform accident scenario analysis, and then the BT was converted to DBN for dynamic resilience assessment. This process facilitates the identification of the functionality state of the system and the critical factors affecting the resilience state of the system. Quantitative resilience assessment should be further enhanced for identification of the root causes of the accident on the level of socio-technical interactions and development of the specific resilience attributes to withstand or recover from the highly probable disruption factors. This approach is believed to ensure complex process system safety and functionality. The current study also investigates the opportunity of integrating Functional Resonance Analysis Method (FRAM) and Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN) for quantitative resilience assessment to identify the highly probable disruption factors and to develop the corresponding resilience attributes.
The proposed method is demonstrated through case studies on a two-phase separator of the acid gas sweetening unit: operating at standard ambient conditions( Case Study 2) and operating at harsh cold conditions (Case Study 1). The analysis of the resilience state of the process system at the worn-out conditions is also done for each case study. The study also integrates Aspen Hysys simulation for the probability of failure (POF) generation. The outcomes of this research provide a rigorous dynamic quantitative resilience analysis approach for complex process systems on the level of socio-technical interactions and a tool for identification of the critical factors or safety measures that enhance the resilience state of the chemical process system.
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/4661
Carbon dioxide
Programmable Logic Computers
probability of failure
POF
Research Subject Categories::TECHNOLOGY
Functional Resonance Analysis Method
FRAM
Bow-Tie
Quantitative Dynamic Resilience Assessment of Chemical Process Units Using Dynamic Bayesian Network
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/46672021-02-05T09:16:30Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Zharbossyn, Assem
author
2020-05
Advancement of consumer electronic devices and electric vehicle urges a need for batteries with higher power. Increasing the amount of active material is found to be ineffective as thicker electrodes may add limitations on transport characteristics. Thus, microstructure enhancement and analysis is a crucial step in the development of fluid transportation property of batteries. Therefore, the main objective of this work is to study the effect of porous structure parameters on the tortuosity of ternary powder compacts.
This thesis mainly reviews existing approaches in tortuosity evaluation of porous structures and presents results from DEM simulation and Voronoi graph assisted analysis of ternary powder compacts. Distribution of tortuosity factor was found for the ternary compacts applying standard Dijkstra‘s algorithm on the constructed Voronoi diagram. Comparison of tortuosity distribution curves of the ternary packing structures in terms of three different size ratios (rsmall:rmedium:rlarge 1 cm: 2 cm: 4 cm, 1 cm: 2cm: 6cm and 1 cm: 2 cm: 8cm) of particles and different volume fractions (fsmall:fmedium:flarge 5%: 5%: 90%, 15%: 15%: 70%, 25%: 25%: 50%, 35%: 35%: 30% and 45%: 45%: 10%) of particles and different coordinate directions have been conducted. The results demonstrated a trend for tortuosity distribution peak to rise from fraction 5:5:90 to 45:45:10. Thus mixtures with higher fraction of small particles give narrower range of tortuosity factor values, while samples of higher proportion of large particles have a wider tortuosity distribution. This disposition becomes well defined for the samples, with the growth of large particles in size (1:2:6 and 1:2:8), resulting to more asymmetric and positively skewed tortuosity factor distribution. Another point is a lack of a distinct inclination of tortuosity factor distribution to change in a certain way with the alteration of coordinate axis direction. However, there are some deviations with respect to the z-axis, which can be associated either with difference in boundary conditions of walls orthogonal to z-direction from that of x- and y-directions or unevenness of particle arrangement as a consequence of the action of gravitational force during packing. The same tendency is observed in Voronoi cell edge lengths and face areas as in tortuosity distribution with respect to particle volume fraction, where the parameter distribution peaks reduce in height and extend towards larger values with the increase in large particle volume fraction. On the contrary, with respect to particle size ratio, the face areas are observed to show the opposite tendency of peaks to become narrower and higher in fractions 15:15:70 and 25:25:50, and to shift to the in fraction 5:5:90, with the increases in size of a large particle. However, it can be claimed that appearance of higher values of the face areas and their increase in quantity can compensate the difference in tendency. Therefore, the relation between tortuosity and Voronoi parameters can be revealed, which states that with the increase in the distribution of Voronoi cell edges and face areas towards larger values, the distribution of tortuosity also increases towards large values and vice versa by enlarging the portion of smaller Voronoi cell edges and faces tortuosity factor reaches smaller and more uniform values. Due to inverse relation between the diffusivity and tortuosity, smaller Voronoi cell edges and faces contributes to a better diffusivity.
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/4667
Discrete Element Method
lithium-ion battery
focused ion beam and scanning electron microscope
lattice Boltzmann method
fast marching method
random-walk particle-tracking
scanning transmission electron microscopy
3D
2D
Research Subject Categories::TECHNOLOGY
Tortuosity analysis of porous powder compacts
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/46712021-02-05T09:16:33Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Mukasheva, Fariza
author
2020-05
Ligament is the soft tissue that connects bone to bone and, in case of severe injury or rupture, it cannot heal itself mainly because of its poor vascularity and dynamic nature. High failure rates of surgical treatment and significant drawbacks of currently available medical approaches brought about a need for alternative treatment approaches such as tissue engineering. It carries the potential to restore the injured tissue functions by utilization of scaffolds mimicking the structure of native ligament tissue.
As the initial structural unit of the ligament, collagen fibrils have a diameter ranging from 20 to 150 nm, which defines the cellular topography, physical, and mechanical properties of the tissue. Currently, ability to fabricate scaffolds with relevant fiber diameter in this range is a significant challenge. The literature review showed a scarcity in terms of bioscaffolds that mimic the foundational unit of tissue consisting of ultra-thin nanofibers with diameter not exceeding 200 nm. To cover the gap, this work aims at: i) investigating the conditions for the fabrication of sub-100 nm fibers, and ii) fabricating aligned scaffolds with bimodal diameter distribution (with two-peaks) resembling the healthy Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) tissue structure, and unaligned scaffolds with unimodal diameter distribution (with a single peak) representing structure of injured ACL tissue. It is hypothesized that such scaffolds can be produced from electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) solutions in the form of unimodal and bimodal diameter distributions. For testing this hypothesis, various PCL solutions were formulated in acetone and formic acid in combination with pyridine, and electrospun to generate sub-100 nm fibers. Next, this formulation was adjusted for the production of nanofibers with a diameter of greater than 100 nm. Finally, these solutions were combined in the co-electrospinning, i.e., two-spinneret electrospinning, process to fabricate biomimetic scaffolds with bimodal and unimodal diameter distribution.
Findings revealed that electrospinning of 8% and 15% PCL solutions, respectively, resulted in the production of fibers with diameters below and above 100 nm. The combined scaffold exhibited bimodal distribution of aligned fibers with the peaks around 60-80 and 160-180 nm, thus mimicking the collagen fibril diameter distribution seen in healthy ACL tissue.
To the best of my knowledge, this is the first study using the system of acetone and formic acid in combination with pyridine for the production of PCL nanofibers, especially sub-100 nm ultra-thin nanofibers. Another novelty is the fabrication of scaffold with a bimodal distribution to both qualitatively and quantitatively match the distribution of collagen fibrils seen in healthy ACL tissue.
The biomaterial scaffold fabricated here could be used as a foundation for the development of grafts and has the potential to move the ligament tissue engineering field forward. Moreover, the study outcomes can be applied to the design of not only ligament but also other soft tissue grafts such as tendons and muscles. Therefore, this research is expected to have a society-wide impact because it aims at healing, enhancement of the health condition and life quality of a wide range of patients.
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/4671
Acetic acid
Anterior cruciate ligament
Monopotassium phosphate
Scanning Electron Microscopy
ACL
extracellular matrix
ECM
Research Subject Categories::TECHNOLOGY
Biomimetic Scaffolds for Ligament Tissue Engineering Applications
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/46732021-02-05T09:21:51Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Zhigerbayeva, Guldana
author
2020-05
Various methods have been developed to ensure the safe transportation of hazardous materials (HAZMAT) transportation. These methods mainly include tree-based methods with fault-trees, event-trees and cause-consequence analysis, Bayesian network, and statistical methods. However, these methods cannot provide a systematic approach to risk management of HAZMAT transportation. They do not intend to build up the linkages between the regulatory requirements and the safety measures development.
The analysis of historical data from the past accidents' report databases would limit our focus on the specific incidents and their causes. Thus, we may overlook some essential elements in risk management, including regulatory compliance, field expert opinions, and suggestions. It is necessary to develop a systematic approach that can translate the regulatory requirements of HAZMAT transportation into specified safety measures (both technical and administrative) to support the risk management process. This study aims to develop a novel decision supporting system (DSS) that integrates the Quality Function Deployment (QFD) and risk assessment, namely Safety Function Deployment (SFD), to identify potential risks and find an optimal route for HAZMATs transportation. The proposed framework utilizes the risk-based and routes analysis SFD to create House of Safety (HoS) as a core element. Besides, the cost of transportation will also be considered. The SFD estimates the safety of a final path, considering harsh environmental and other risk factors.
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/4673
Quality Function Deployment
Safety Function Deployment
Department of Transportation
Hazardous Material
Hazard and Operability analysis
Layer of Protection Analysis
Risk Assessment
Preliminary Hazard Analysis
Fault tree analysis
FTA
QFD
SFD
Analytical hierarchy process
Research Subject Categories::TECHNOLOGY
An Integrated Approach for Risk Management of Hazmat Transportation: Use of Quality Function Deployment and Risk Assessment
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/46762021-02-05T09:21:54Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Mirzoyev, Konstantin
author
2020-05
Nowadays, most reactions in chemical and petrochemical industries are catalytic due to their
enhanced effectiveness and reduced product cost. A packed-bed reactor is one of the most
widely used type of the catalytic reactors. However, the packed-bed reactor has several
disadvantages such as possible formation of hot spots in the reactor leading to catalyst
deactivation, non-uniform reactant consumption, and risks of runaway and even explosion
as well as structural maldistribution of catalyst pellets with low packing density close to the
reactor wall and high density in the reactor center resulting in partial bypassing of reactants.
A membrane reactor is the promising alternative to conventional packed-bed reactor. The
membrane reactor combines the separation and chemical reaction processes in one unit. The
permselective membranes are used for selective input of reactant or removal of product that
can permeate through the membrane along the reactor length and as the catalyst support.
This study is focused on modeling the partial oxidation of the methane process in the
membrane packed-bed reactor. Nowadays, the production of synthesis gas from natural gas
becomes more and more important in chemical and petrochemical industries. Currently,
steam reforming is the most commonly used process of syngas production. However, this
process consumes a large amount of energy because it involves highly endothermic and
relatively slow reactions. One of the promising alternatives for hydrogen production is the
partial oxidation of methane. The advantage of this reaction is the possibility to conduct
the process in the smaller reactor due to faster oxidation. The partial oxidation of methane
is a mild exothermic process carried out at high pressure and in the temperature range of
750 – 1200 K. Usually, pure oxygen is used as a source of oxidation and application of the
membrane for selective supply of oxygen by separation from air could decrease the energy
demand and the capital cost of the process significantly. In this research, a 2D non-isothermal model was derived for the packed-bed membrane
reactor, a numerical algorithm was elaborated to solve the model equations, and the python
software was developed to simulate the reactor performance. In addition, the parametric
study was conducted to evaluate the effects of various parameters on the reactant consumption,
product selectivity and yield in the partial oxidation of methane. Finely, it was possible
to determine the process and reactor parameters enabling to achieve a similar performance
of the membrane packed-bed reactor and the conventional packed-bed reactor.
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/4676
adsorption activation energy
heat capacity
activation energy of membrane
radial coordinate
unversal gas constant
hollow-fiber
partial differential equation
Research Subject Categories::TECHNOLOGY
Mathematical Modeling of Catalytic Membrane Reactor
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/46742021-02-05T09:21:57Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Karibayev, Mirat
author
2020-05
Novel Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) are being developed, which are non-flammable and biodegradable. These DESs are used in application for organic synthesis, metal processing, gas absorption, and removal of different undesired impurities in oil & gas industries. For instance, a combination of caprolactam (CPL) and tetrabutylammonium halides (1:1, mole ratio), as the DES, has indicated the highest efficiency for desulfurization of natural gas. We herein implement ab-initio and molecular dynamic simulations to explore the formation of CPL based type III DESs. The simulations show ~15% decline in the ionic interactions of tetrabutylammonium halides and ~92% decline in the hydrogen bonds between CPL, thereby explaining the rapid decline in the melting point as noted in experiments during the formation of DES. Moreover, ab-initio and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations of the caprolactam based DES with hydrogen sulfides and methane’s were conducted in order to mimic the industrial natural gas sweetening process. Efficient absorption of hydrogen sulfide from natural gas at various process parameters (5000/10000 ppm H2S, at 25/ 60 oC, and at 1/10 bar) can be highlighted from the molecular dynamic simulations. The results revealed strong intermolecular interactions between the anions of the caprolactam based DESs and hydrogen sulfide (H2S), with interaction energies ~10 folds higher than methane (CH4)/hydrogen sulfide (H2S), explaining the mechanism of desulfurization by these DESs. The ab-initio and molecular dynamics simulations were computed via the implementation of GAUSSIAN16, GROMACS software’s. The given work also illustrates that two DESs, namely a combination of choline chloride (ChCl) with urea, and monoethanolamine (MEA) with methyltriphenylphosphonium bromide (MTPPBr) were implemented to compare their capacity to absorb hydrogen sulfide (H2S), however we observed that the CPL based DESs are highly efficient, particularly at low fuel:DES mole ratios, low temperatures, and at low pressures.
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/4674
Automated Topology Builder
Linear Constraint (solver, algorithm)
Lennard-Jones
Molecular Dynamics
Monoethanolamine
Methyl triphenyl phosphonium bromide
Research Subject Categories::TECHNOLOGY
Rational Design of Deep Eutectic Solvents for Absorption of H2S From Natural Gas
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/46752021-02-05T09:22:00Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Duisengalieva, Moldir
author
2020-05
The presence of emerging pollutants in the water bodies is a relatively new environmental concern. Emerging pollutants involves various chemical substances such as pharmaceuticals, disinfection byproducts, gasoline additives and man-made nanomaterials. The problem is increased inefficiency of conventional treatments in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Facilities (MWTF). In the present work, catalytic and photocatalytic processes were applied to caffeine aqueous solutions. Ag modified zeolites and Fe-doped TiO2 catalysts were synthesized. Ag modified zeolites were studied using XRD, XRD, TEM, and SEM analysis. The catalytic and photocatalytic efficiency of all catalysts were examined by pH measurements, Total Carbon (TC) analysis and High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Each experiment lasted for 150 minutes and each 30 minutes taken samples were sent to analysis. For Ag modified zeolites ultraviolet light with 254 nm was used, while for Fe – doped TiO2 catalysts 365 ultraviolet lamp with 365 nm was used. The concentration of caffeine solution was 30 ppm and the volume of the photocatalytic reactor was 500 ml.
The first part of the work was devoted to examine catalytic and photocatalytic efficiency of Ag modified zeolites. The application of ultraviolet light without catalysts achieved 5 % caffeine removal showing the high resistance to ultraviolet light. The overall caffeine removal with all samples of Ag modified zeolites was low (15-20%). In the adsorption process, the highest removal of caffeine was obtained by Ag2O_NZU catalyst and in the photocatalytic process; it was achieved by Ag0_NZU catalyst. The study results illustrate the complexity of caffeine structure and the presence of intermediates.
The second part of the work was dedicated to examining the photocatalytic activities of the synthesized Fe-doped TiO2 catalysts with different iron concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 2%, 4%). The efficiency of photocatalysts were compared with TiO2 (Degussa P-25) catalyst. The mineralization of caffeine was successfully obtained by using all catalysts. However, TC removal of all catalysts was lower as TiO2. The obtained results also illustrated the presence of intermediates and not completely degradation of caffeine molecule into carbon dioxide.
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/4675
Total Carbon
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography
Ultraviolet light
Scanning Electron Microscopy
Transmission Electron Microscopy
X-ray powder Diffraction
XRD
X-ray Fluorescence
Research Subject Categories::TECHNOLOGY
Development of Advanced Catalysts for Wastewater Treatment
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/46772021-02-05T09:22:03Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Magazov, Yerbolat
author
2020-05
Fungal keratitis is a dangerous infectious eye disease in which the cornea becomes inflamed and swollen, which can cause pain and redness of the eye, and without proper treatment, it can lead to loss of vision. Despite the widespread use of anti-fungal drugs, the only available forms are tablets and liquid suspensions, so the drug can only be taken orally, intravenously or in the form of eye drops. However, due to the significant drawbacks like poor biocompatibility, a short period of activity and low permeability of the intraocular drug, it is necessary to develop an alternative method that allows delivering the drug of choice to the damaged areas effectively.
This work presents the possibility of creating a drug delivery device in the form of a hydrogel ring that is capable of treating keratitis effectively. In this study, voriconazole was chosen as the antifungal drug as it is a better option in comparison with traditional antifungal agents since it showed a promising result in the treatment of yeast and filamentous fungi. Regarding the circular drug delivery device, unique hydrogel rings have been developed to have the property to swell when the drug is introduced into them. Thus, the rings hold the required amount of the drug when in contact with voriconazole while maintaining its shape. A filled ring is inserted into the eye and releases voriconazole while providing a more local and effective treatment for keratitis in a short period. In this case, patients will not have to use eye drops so often; instead, they only need to wear these devices, and during the day, the medicine will slowly release, providing an antifungal effect with enhanced bioavailability.
The biggest objective of this work was to show that a particular drug delivery device can provide drug concentration at a therapeutic level for long-duration, excluding the frequent application the eye drops. XPS and SEM-EDS analysis demonstrated that our synthesized hydrogel rings indeed consist of PVP, and voriconazole loading into the hydrogel structure was successful. In addition, the porosimetry test verified that hydrogel rings have pores with diameters 5-25 nm (54%) and 7-240 μm (46%), and a porosity of 30% provides enough space for penetration and precipitation of voriconazole crystals in the pores of the polymer rings. The drug release experiments showed that voriconazole released from the device during the two days, and after the concentration of voriconazole in PBS solution were maintained at 80 μg/mL. Another performed release study, where hydrogel rings were subjected to a new PBS solution environment, demonstrated that it could release the drug for at least ten days.
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/4677
Dimethyl sulfoxide
Deoxyribonucleic acid
Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
Food and Drug Administration
1,6-Hexanediol dimethacrylate
HDDMA
Absorbance
Porosity
Research Subject Categories::TECHNOLOGY
Development of Circular Drug Delivery Device for the Treatment of Fungal Keratitis
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/46982021-02-05T09:22:10Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Galym, Zhaksylyk
author
2020-05
Common issues of geared powertrain systems are discussed in this work such as gear misalignment in conventional gearboxes and reliability issues of typical planetary gears. An extensive literature review was performed for each topic. For the misalignment issue, multiple solutions were proposed including misalignment insensitive gearing integrated with Rzeppa or constant velocity ball joint and spur gears with the modified web with thin flexible rim topology. All proposed models, and a benchmark model in the form of regular spur gears and flank modified gears were compared in terms of misalignment insensitivity. According to results, a novel gears with kinematical joint display the most superior performance in terms of gear mesh stress, with the compromise being increased stress results in internal interfaces. On the other hand, compliant web gears show moderate effectiveness against the issue and flank modification could mitigate misalignment to some extent. In terms of transmission error (TE), the gear with the Rzeppa joint demonstrates complete insensitivity to misalignment, despite experiencing high TE, whereas the conventional gears suffer from misalignment significantly, with TE amplitude increasing rapidly as misalignment angle becomes bigger.
For the case of planetary gears, a planetary gearbox with novel topology and the floating carrier was presented. The key feature of the design was the elimination of bearing interface existing in the generic layout of the planetary gear set. Bearings of planets’ carriers tend to fail frequently, leading to misalignment and vibrations. The novel planetary gears were simulated using FEA and MBD to evaluate the viability of the concept. Despite replacing the bearing contact with robust geared connection, simulations results show that the novel bearingless planetary gearbox with floating carrier still suffers from common issues such as non-equal load distribution and misalignment.
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/4698
Finite Element Analysis
Pressure angle
Contact stress
novel compact
robust geared powertrain
Research Subject Categories::TECHNOLOGY
Design, Simulation and Testing of Novel Compact and Robust Geared Powertrain
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/50972021-02-05T07:45:42Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Sultankulov, Bolat
author
2020-09-28
Chitosan has been a successful choice for tissue-engineering applications over the last few decades. Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide with excellent properties for tissue engineering applications, such as biodegradability, biocompatibility, and antimicrobial activity. Available free amine groups in its structure allows further chemical modifications, so new properties could be added for specific tissue engineering application. This dissertation highlights the advances made in biomaterial production and describes novel polyelectrolyte-based (PEC) cryogel that contains chitosan (CHI) and heparin (Hep). We will discuss the preparation of new cryogel material and its physico-chemical properties. Additionally, the measurement of biological activity would be addressed in vitro and in vivo. In particular, the cryogels obtained will be tested to induce differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (rat BMSCs) derived from rat bone marrow into the osteogenic lineage. Additionally, this study will show potential uses of novel PEC-based cryogel for skin regeneration in vitro and in vivo, demonstrating the broad application of established scaffolding.
The research in this dissertation is important because it demonstrates the efficacy of PEC cryogels for tissue engineering applications. This is the first PEC cryogel scaffold based on CHI-Hep made from a one-step reaction with effective loading of growth factors and cytokines.
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/5097
chitosan
CHI
heparin
HEP
polyelectrolyte-based
PEC
Chitosan Composite Cryogel With Polyelectrolyte Complexes for Tissue Regeneration Application
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/50982021-02-05T07:46:55Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Kalkabay, Gulnar
author
2020-09-20
One of the important topics today is the controlled synthesis of nanostructured materials, in particular nanotubes (NT) or nanowires, the interest in which is due to the great potential for their use as devices in microelectronics [1], catalysts [2], biomedicine [3], sensors [4], etc. The interest in metal nanotubes is due to the great prospects for practical applications associated with a larger specific surface area for nanotubes compared to nanowires, the possibility of obtaining single-domain isotropic walls along the entire length and the unique magnetic properties. Although a large number of recent research aimed at perfecting methods for producing metal nanowires/nanotubes and studying their properties, there are still many blank spots and unresolved issues [5]. In particular, the controlled synthesis of nanotubes with a predetermined isotropic wall thickness along the entire nanotube length, well-ordered crystalline structure, controlled orientation of domain structures, and high corrosion resistance to external influences remains unsolved and research active. Nickel nanowires and nanotubes deserve special attention due to their unique structural, conductive and magnetic properties. While the popular template-assisted electrochemical deposition of nickel nanowires is not difficult, the synthesis of highly ordered nickel nanotubes with controlled properties needs further research. Although there are many works devoted to the Ni nanotubes synthesis, showing that Ni NTs strongly depends on fabrication method and parameters, mechanism of NT growth is still not fully explored.
The aim of this work is comprehensive study of template-assisted electrochemical deposition of nickel nanotubes with controlled isotropic geometry of the diameter and wall thickness. The driving motive is the search for optimal fabrication conditions of Ni nanotubes with a high degree of structural ordering, as well as establishing controlled nanotubes synthesis with given structural parameters and aspect ratio.
Electrochemical deposition of Ni nanotubes was studied at various synthesis conditions, including the composition and temperature of the electrolyte, the difference in applied potentials, alcohol additives and the acidity of the solution. Detailed model for the Ni nanotube growth and formation of nanotube walls in the pores of polymer templates is developed. According to the model, at the initial stage of Ni nanotube formation the transverse component of growth rate prevails, which is responsible for nanotube wall growth in width. At the next stage characterized by a decrease in current density due to the depletion of the electrolyte solution the nanotube grows uniformly in both transverse and longitudinal directions. Next, the concentration of metal ions dominate near the top end of the nanotube, resulting that the longitudinal component of the growth rate of the nanotubes prevails and the tubes grow predominantly along the walls of the pores.
The influence of various factors such as difference in the applied potential, temperature and the level of acidity of the electrolyte solution on the wall thickness, grain sizes and the degree of texturing of nanotubes, was evaluated. In particular, it was found that an increase in the applied potentials in the range of 1.5 – 2.0 V and the deposition temperature range 35-50°C leads to the formation of nanotubes with one dominant direction of texture orientation and to the increase in the number of defects in the nanotubes crystal structure due to an increase in the average crystallite size and the degree of microstresses. Adding ethanol to the electrolyte increases Ni nanotubes conductivity due to an improvement in the crystal structure and decrease in amorphous inclusions. It was found that lowering the acidity level of the solution leads to a decrease in the nanotubes wall thickness and the size of crystallites. Based on the conducted experiments, the most optimal parameters for the synthesis of nanotubes were selected: the difference of the applied potentials is 1.5-1.75 V, pH = 3 and the electrolyte temperature is 25 °C. These parameters were used to fabricate Ni nanotubes for experiments to study the influence of the geometry of the template matrix on the structure of the resulting nanotubes, as well as for corrosion tests experiments.
The main magnetic characteristics of fabricated Ni nanotubes were explored. Ni nanotubes arrays coercivity and squareness ratio exhibit unusual dependence on nanotubes diameter: it rises for samples with nanotubes 100 to 300 nm diameters and falls down for nanotubes 400 and 500 nm diameters. Ni nanotubes corrosion resistance to external influences of aggressive media was studied. The kinetics of degradation of Ni nanotubes was determined depending on the acidity of the solution and time being in the solution. It has been shown that the main mechanism of degradation of nickel nanotubes is the formation of the metastable phase of nickel oxide, which decays due to instability, which leads to partial destruction of the structure. It was found that the speed of degradation of nanotubes depends on the degree of crystallinity of the initial nanotubes, as well as the acidity of the solution.
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/5098
nanotubes
NT
nanorods
hydrothermal synthesis
Research Subject Categories::TECHNOLOGY
Fabrication and Properties of Nickel Nanotubes Synthesized by Template-Assisted Electrochemical Deposition
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/50992021-02-05T07:49:12Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Kabdenova, Bagdagul
author
2020-09-25
Multiphase flows are involved in many practical applications such as CO2 injection in porous media initially saturated with brine water, spray combustions, oil and gas, nuclear power plants and other industrial and agricultural processes. Conventional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) techniques, which assumes the fluid as a continuum, faces challenges in tracking the interface in multiphase flows. This is majorly due to the fact that the generic phase interface forms and is maintained because of inter-molecular forces that originate at meso- or micro-scales. An effective representation scale of such forces at continuum can be achieved only by models that come at a high computational cost.
In this work, we use a multiphase Lattice Boltzmann Model (LBM) which offers a meso-scale solving framework with the purpose to study multiphase systems and the corresponding fluid behavior at the given conditions in pore-scale domains.
More specifically, we apply the multiphase Shan-Chen’s pseudopotential Lattice Boltzmann Model due to its proven ability to capture the sharp interface in intricate microscopic domains and to its efficient parallelization. In pseudopotential LBM, the phase separation is maintained thanks to the introduction of a body force depending on the gradient of a scalar function, called effective mass. By choosing the specific forms of the effective mass, different equations of state (EoS) can be incorporated into the model, including the most popular cubic ones such as the Van der Waals, the Peng-Robinson or the Carnahan-Staring. Such cubic EoS are known for their high accuracy when applied to fluids at subcritical conditions. However, these EoS fail in representing the non-analytical behavior of a generic fluid in the vicinity of the critical point evidenced by long-scale density fluctuations. This limitation can be amended by using a crossover formulation of the considered EoS. The crossover EoS uses non-analytic scaling laws asymptotically close to the critical point, while away from the critical point it becomes the original classical EoS; besides in the limit of zero density it reproduces ideal gas behavior.
Accurate prediction of fluid properties at super/near-critical conditions is important for different applications including the flow in porous media where surface tension plays a major role.In this thesis, a crossover formulation of a generic EoS is incorporated into the pseudopotential LBM. That significantly extends the capability of pseudopotential LBM to model fluid properties closer and above the critical point.
This work also shows simulation results for multicomponent flows in complex geometries. This is motivated by the goal to build a model which can accurately predict the supercritical CO2 flow in brine-saturated porous media, as found in deep saline aquifers. Specifically, two-component flow in a T-mixer passing cylindrical obstacles and immiscible multicomponent flow in a channel to study fingering effects are presented.
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/5099
Lattice Boltzmann Model
LBM
continuum
multiphase flows
Research Subject Categories::TECHNOLOGY
Multiphase Flow Simulation using Lattice Boltzmann Model incorporating a Crossover Equation of State
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/51002021-02-05T07:49:29Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Tokmurzin, Diyar
author
2020-09-25
Coal, coke, and semi-coke are critical feedstock for the production of iron and steel. For over a century coke and semi-coke has been produced from coal using the slow pyrolysis thermal treatment process in fixed bed coke ovens. The coke-oven slow pyrolysis process produces vast quantities of gaseous and liquid emissions associated with coal tar which are not and sometimes cannot be always captured and recycled. Contrary to this, fast pyrolysis associated with gasification processes produces less tar. In this work a novel method incorporating fast pyrolysis to produce semi-coke using circulating fluidized bed partial coal gasification is experimentally studied. The present study includes an investigation of coal fast devolatilization properties, a pilot scale experimental proof of concept, and optimization of the process. Fast pyrolysis characteristics are explored using a wire mesh reactor and a thermobalance reactor experiments, and semi-coke is produced using a high-volatile Shubarkol coal in a custom-built atmospheric lab-scale reactor comprising a riser, a cyclone, a loop seal, and fitted with mechanized systems for semi-coke retrieval. The reactor is operated autothermally, at temperatures varying from 700 to 1000oC. The experimental results indicate the operating conditions for maximum product output. The product characterization revealed that semi-coke gains distinctive characteristics, including lower density, lower volatile matter content, lower ash content, higher porosity, and higher crystallinity of the carbon matrix. In addition, a Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation employing the Eulerian-Lagrangian multiphase particle-in-cell approach reveals fluidization properties and further optimization opportunities.
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/5100
coal
semi-coke
coke
coal gasification
Research Subject Categories::TECHNOLOGY
Optimization of Kazakhstan Coals Gasification Process in the Circulating Fluidized Bed Gasification Process
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/51012021-02-05T07:50:05Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Bekmurzayeva, Aliya
author
2020-09-25
Cancer relapse and metastasis remain one of the main problems in treatment of breast cancer (BC). A small subset from bulk tumor cells, called breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), is found to be responsible for cancer initiation, recurrence, metastasis and resistance to therapy. Therefore, specifically detecting these cells is an important task in BC diagnosis and management. The main goal of this thesis was to develop aptamer-functionalized substrates which in the future could be used for BCSC isolation and detection. To achieve this objective, the project has been divided into three tasks as will be discussed below.
Given small number of available specific ligands against BCSC and their importance in BC, one of the tasks of this thesis was to select and characterize new single stranded DNA aptamers against BCSC. Fluorescently activated cell sorting was utilized to enrich oligonucleotides bound to cells while imaging flow cytometry was used to study their binding. Two of the selected aptamers showed increased binding to target cells than to control cells; however, their binding affinity was not fully studied. They are one of the few ligands reported to date to bind BCSC and were selected against well characterized BCSC derived from a triple-negative breast cancer.
Another task of this work was to functionalize stainless steel (SS) wire with aptamers specific to BCSC in order to alleviate the problem of “fishing out” such rare events as BCSC. For this, the wire electropolishing conditions were determined. In order to attach ligand, silanization by electrodeposition was optimized thus determining the most suitable applied potential (–0.8 V), pH of the solution (pH 5 and 5.5) and heat treatment temperature after electrodeposition (130°C). The silanized surface was then immobilized with commercially available CD44 aptamers (marker of BCSC) after being activated by a crosslinker to build a functionalized surface. This wire was able to capture the target cells in an in vitro test. The wires were analyzed by such surface characterization methods as atomic force microscopy (AFM), cyclic voltammetry (CV), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fluorescence microscopy.
In addition, using the same surface chemistry as in functionalized SS wire, another platform – fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor has been explored with a well-studied ligand-analyte pair (thrombin and thrombin-binding aptamer). For this, FBG was made sensitive to the surrounding refractive index (RI) by chemical etching and calibrated in solutions with known RI before being functionalized with aptamers. Then the sensor demonstrated increased Bragg wavelength shift when tested in different thrombin concentrations.
In conclusion, the main goal of this thesis – developing aptamer-functionalized substrates with a perspective application in BCSC isolation and detection – was achieved, although each task of the project was completed with different level of success. Binding of aptamers selected against BCSC could not be fully studied. However, they are one of the few reported aptamers against an important subtype of BC. Besides, only a small fraction of aptamer candidates were characterized and better binders could still be revealed. Wires functionalized with CD44 aptamers, after further study, have a potential to be used for in vivo capture of target cells in the blood flow, since their small size allows the insertion as a standard guidewire in biomedical devices. For fabricated EGBF biosensor, selective detection of clinically relevant concentration of thrombin has been demonstrated. The used functionalization method allows a facile fabrication of the sensor not requiring thin film fabrication.
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/5101
BCSC
cancer
breast cancer stem cells
breast cancer
cancer relapse
Research Subject Categories::TECHNOLOGY
Design of Aptamer-Functionalized Substrates: Towards Breast Cancer Stem Cell Isolation and Detection
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/52712021-02-05T07:47:22Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Kozhagulova, Ashirgul
author
2021-02-02
Sand production from oil-producing wells is a severe problem in the petroleum industry, mainly associated with weak and ultra-weak unconsolidated shallow formations and is an undesirable process of producing sand along with crude oil. Its better understanding and prediction lowers the operational costs and reduces the ecological impact that sand production causes when producing oil. Since the problem has been known for several decades, there are some analytical models available for steady-state flow, which fail to predict time-dependent flow, such as well shut-ins in this study.. The well shut-in is the process when a well is intentionally stopped producing for a certain period due to some needs: changing downhole equipment, workovers, well testing, cleaning sand screens, etc, and restart at a similar flowrate after being brought back to production. Therefore, the main objective of the current work was to rebuild well production in laboratory conditions to experimentally investigate sand production patterns during multiple well shut-ins. Several sand production experiments on large sandstone specimens were conducted using the High Pressure Consolidation System (HPCS) at different overburden stresses (3000 kPa-5000 kPa) and pressure drawdowns (500 kPa-1850 kPa). It was observed that, additional sanding is expected after every well shut-in in a diminishing mannerat a certain ratio between the strength of the material and the combination of the applied stresses. The preceding investigation on the mechanical behavior of the material was conducted by the means of laboratory experiments, such as triaxial shearing tests, one-dimensional consolidation tests, and a supplementary DEM study. The obtained parameters such as inherent shear strength, failure angle, stress-strain curves were also used as inputs for the prediction model’s adaptation for multiple well shut-ins and revealed the most possible material failure mode around wellbore, which reasoned the adaptation of the viscogranular plastic flow model for multiple well shut-ins using Fast Fourier Transform. It was found that the adapted model reasonably predicts the magnitudes of sanding rates and their damping behavior both for experimental and well data.
Ashirgul, K. (2021). A STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF MULTIPLE WELL SHUT-INS ON SAND PRODUCTION. Nazarbayev University School of Engineering and Digital Sciences
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/5271
Sand production
Research Subject Categories::TECHNOLOGY
High Pressure Consolidation System
HPCS
ecological impact
A STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF MULTIPLE WELL SHUT-INS ON SAND PRODUCTION
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/52722021-02-05T07:50:49Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Mussina, Damira
author
2021-02-02
Precise airborne imaging and its analysis for outdoor objects suffers from varied object resolutions, cluttered backgrounds, unclear or contaminated surfaces, and illumination conditions. Lately, there have been significant improvements in airborne imaging owing to the use of new and improved sensors and ameliorated unmanned aerial vehicle UAV technologies. However, such improvements call for novel and innovative approaches for image data analysis with matching sophistication. Impending research issues associated with the airborne imaging are data acquisition and augmentation, data communication, accuracy saturation in the image processing algorithms and requirement of information fusion for the precise analysis. This thesis attempts to explore some of these prevalent research questions in the pretext of airborne imaging of outdoor high voltage insulators used in transmission lines. Accurate information about the insulator surface condition is important and is of a high priority since insulator to prevent insulator and subsequent electric failures. A novel Fusion Convolutional Network (FCN) is proposed in this research for potential real-time monitoring of insulators using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) as an edge device. A multi-modal information fusion (MMIF) system is developed during this research to analyze and classify possible contaminations present on the electrical insulators. It is shown with evidence that the proposed FCN improves the classification accuracy besides being efficient with respect to the computational time. The proposed FCN is further compared and benchmarked vis-à-vis, conventional classification algorithms such as, IBK, Naïve Bayes, SMO and J48. Potential hardware implementation of the proposed FCN, on emerging edge devices, is also conceptualized and proof of the concept experiments are conducted in silico. Pertinent outcomes of this research can be further extended to other potential applications of airborne imaging.
Damira, M. (2021). A FUSION CONVOLUTIONAL NETWORK FOR INTELLIGENT ANALYTICS OF AIRBORNE IMAGING. Nazarbayev University School of Engineering and Digital Sciences
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/5272
Fusion Convolutional Network
unmanned aerial vehicles
multi-modal information fusion
MMIF
UAV
FCN
airborne imaging
Research Subject Categories::TECHNOLOGY
A FUSION CONVOLUTIONAL NETWORK FOR INTELLIGENT ANALYTICS OF AIRBORNE IMAGING
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/52742021-02-05T07:51:17Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Shabdirova, Ainash
author
2020-11
Sand production is a generally undesirable process where solid sand particles are produced with oil or gas. Weak formations are usually prone to sand production problems as the stress states under production conditions easily exceed the mechanical strength of the reservoir rock. The stress difference is particularly acute near holes, such as a perforation tunnel. Thus the plastic zone of failed material is created around perforations. The formation of the plastic zone around a hole can be related to the mechanical characteristics of the weak sandstones. The analysis of the plastic zone properties is essential in addressing sand prediction problems in weak sandstones as sand is produced from the failed material in the plastic zone and the existing knowledge on the plastic zone properties is limited and contradicting.
This research analytically and experimentally investigates the role of the plastic zone permeability and porosity on the prediction of sand production. Large scale sand production experiments were conducted using a customized High-Pressure Consolidation System. The existing sand prediction models were upgraded with new information on the plastic zone permeability and porosity distributions to achieve a semi-analytical prediction model for the sand production from a hollow cylinder weak artificial sandstone under radial flow. The obtained model was validated with the sand data from a weak sandstone reservoir.
The research begins with examining two different weak artificial sandstone preparation techniques. Sandstone strength is associated with bond strength as these sandstones were made of strong particle and weak cement. Weak sandstone behaviour was investigated using one-dimensional compression tests, triaxial compression tests, particle characterization, and compositional analysis tools. The results show that weak sandstone behaviour can be characterized as an initial contraction of the sample before the peak stress followed by large dilation. The appropriate artificial sandstone preparation was chosen based on analysis for the further sand production experiments. Moreover, mechanical properties such as unconfined compressive strength, cohesive strength and friction angle were retrieved from the mechanical tests as input parameters for the further analytical study of the plastic zone permeability.
Large scale sand production experiments were then conducted at different stress-fluid pressure conditions. The results were used to investigate plastic zone characteristics such as permeability and porosity distribution. The existing sand prediction models based on viscoplastic granular flow and hydromechanical erosion were modified to include the obtained experimental and analytical results on the plastic zone properties to develop a semi-analytical sand prediction model. The results show that specific stress-fluid pressure conditions may create the plastic zone around a hole, which has a decreased permeability compared to the intact zone. In addition, the sand production process was characterized by the permeability increase in the plastic zone from the decreased value. Plastic zone permeability and porosity distribution were incorporated into the existing sand prediction models and the models were validated with sand production experiments. The obtained model was used to predict sanding rate data from oil-producing wells.
The results indicate the significance of the plastic zone porosity and permeability distribution in the sand production prediction, and, the model performance is positive for further development and improvement in the laboratory and the real applications. The applied fluid and rock stresses along with the initial permeability of the sample and fluid viscosity govern the plastic zone properties change. The novelty of the research consists of the detailed study of and proposed model for the plastic zone permeability and porosity change during the sand production process.
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/5274
Sand production
Plastic zone characteristics
Perforation tunnel
High-Pressure Consolidation System
Sandstone
Deviatoric stress
Particle Size Distribution
PSD
Research Subject Categories::TECHNOLOGY
EFFECT OF THE PLASTIC ZONE CHARACTERISTICS ON SAND PRODUCTION
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/52752021-02-11T21:00:51Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Myngbay, Askhat
author
2020
RATIONALE: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease, characterized by pain in affected joints, stiffness, and symmetrical synovitis. Synovial membrane inflammation of diarthrodial joints is a distinctive feature of RA, leading to articular damage, decline in motility and eventually complications, such as cardiomyopathy, neurologic and metabolic disorders. Currently available biomarkers are not satisfactory in terms of monitoring disease activity of RA. AIM: The objective of this study is to show Collagen triple helix repeat containing 1 (CTHRC1) protein`s potential in monitoring RA disease activity
HYPOTHESIS: CTHRC1 is a potential biomarker for assessing RA disease activity.
The diagnosis of RA depends primarily on clinical assessments. Serology tests routinely used in RA diagnosis are Anti-citrullinated peptide antibody (ACPA) and Rheumatoid factor (RF) level determination in serum/plasma. However, the value of RF for assessing RA remains debatable, because it is also detected in connective tissue diseases, chronic infections, malignancy and in healthy individuals. In comparison, ACPA’s are present in the peripheral blood of almost 80% of RA patients with higher diagnostic specificity. However, in our study ACPA was not associated with disease activity in patients with established diagnosis of RA. Demand for quantitative assessment of disease activity in RA for the improvement of disease diagnosis, prognosis and management is still high. Here I had proposed that the CTHRC1 is a marker of differential diagnosis of RA from OA, ReA and showed high potential to be used to monitor disease activity.
METHODS: For this clinical cross sectional study in total 148 individuals with established diagnosis of RA (57), Osteoarthritis (OA-65), Reactive arthritis (ReA-12) and healthy volunteers (14) were recruited. All patients were undergoing treatment at the time of enrollment. Prior collecting and testing plasma samples of patients, they were clinically assessed, including current status, number of swollen and tender joints, tested for complete blood count parameters, current level of RF and ACPA, and also MRI and X-ray of knee joints were performed. Collected plasma samples were tested for the levels of CTHRC1, pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin 1 beta (IL-1b), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), and interferon gamma (IFN g). All collected data were analyzed including comparison among groups, correlation within each group and Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was further performed to assess the diagnostic value of CTHRC1.
CONCLUSION: This study showed high levels of CTHRC1 protein in RA plasma. These results indicate that CTHRC1 can be used as a novel plasma biomarker to evaluate disease activity in RA. Also it can be used for the differential diagnosis of RA from similar joint diseases, such as OA and ReA.
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/5275
CTHRC1
Collagen triple helix repeat containing 1
Rheumatoid arthritis
RA
Anti-citrullinated peptide antibody
ACPA
Rheumatoid factor
RF
Research Subject Categories::TECHNOLOGY
Novel marker
NOVEL MARKER FOR RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS DISEASE ACTIVITY
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/52762021-02-05T07:52:13Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Abdikenov, Beibit
author
2020
Cancer is the second largest cause of mortality, responsible for one in every six deaths globally. Cancer has a significant socio-economic impact and its global cost is estimated to be close to $150 billion. Breast cancer is the most common female cancer and its high incidence places it among Kazakhstan’s most challenging public health problems. Advances in computing and sensing technologies and increased storage availability means that vast quantities of data are now available. While the data is sure to help practitioners understand what causes breast cancer and the best treatment approaches, the number of oncologists understanding its use is limited. Accurate and reliable prognoses are increasingly difficult because of the enormous amounts of data about breast cancer and the low survival rates. The available data’s heterogeneity adds to the challenges for data analytics posed by sheer data volume. Moreover, categorical variables in the heterogeneous dataset require accurate pre-processing if enhanced interpretation is to make progress towards prognosis possible. An advanced research in estimating the missing values in databases is also introduced in this thesis work.
Rigorous research efforts have brought about the development of a novel entity embedding scheme based on neural networks capable of addressing effectively the encoding of categorical variables with high cardinality during the presented research. Employing our proposed scheme, it is now possible to represent the categorical variables as real values in high-dimensional space capable of greatly improved interpretation.
Neuroevolution, which is a Meta heuristic approach, has been suggested through our work as a robust way of modelling prognosis from the breast cancer database. Neuroevolution also results in multiple equitable solutions of DNNs (Deep Neural Networks) thereby providing users with many options to choose from. Neuroevolution performance has been optimized using the EAs (Evolutionary Algorithms), namely, MOEA/D, NSGAIII, and SPEA2, but this research revealed a number of limitations in existing EAs and so this thesis proposes an improved EA: FIEA (Fuzzy Inspired Evolutionary Algorithm) which uses a fuzzy analytical approach to perform multi-criteria optimization and is also instrumental in selecting a final DNN model from the Pareto optimal set. This approach also provides insight into how the hyper-parameters control accuracy, sensitivity, F1 and other performance metrics. This is a change from traditional approaches which apply DNNs as a black box. The interpretability improved in this way can be used to advance or adjust DNNs’ behaviour and there is evidence that FIEA-optimized DNNs perform better than other algorithms described in the literature.
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/5276
Breast cancer
public health problems
sensing technologies
computing technologies
survival rates
heterogeneous dataset
Research Subject Categories::TECHNOLOGY
Research Subject Categories::MEDICINE
PERFORMANCE OPTIMIZATION OF NEUROEVOLUTION FOR IMPROVED PROGNOSIS OF THE BREAST CANCER
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/52772021-02-05T07:47:53Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Tlebaldiyeva, Leila
author
2020-04
Cognitive radio (CR) and millimeter wave (mmWave) communication are two potential
technologies for future wireless communication systems to meet ever-increasing consumer
data demand. The significant advantage of CR is its ability to improve spectrum
utilization by introducing spectrum management paradigms between primary and cognitive
users. An even more significant enabling technology for future communications is
mmWave communication that offers enormous bandwidth at mmWave frequency bands.
Low-grade transceiver hardware is often utilized in modern communication systems
to lower the cost of potential networks. The residual hardware distortion noise originating
from high rate and low-grade transceiver hardware is a vital parameter to consider while
designing reliable systems. This dissertation work pursues to model residual transceiver
hardware impairments by using the statistical additive Gaussian model, which is mathematically
tractable and can be embedded in complex system configurations.
In this thesis, we first develop a system model for a dual-hop decode-and-forward
underlay CR relay network operating under residual hardware impairments and derive
a closed-form expression for the outage probability performance. Moreover, this work
provides useful discussions on the design aspects of wireless communication systems in
terms of the outage probability given residual transceiver noise level and fading parameters
of channel.
Secondly, we study the spectrum sensing technique by employing an improved energy
detector (ED) under residual hardware constraints. We present a novel test statistic
for improved ED that accounts for residual distortion noise when the fading statistics of
the received signal follows the distribution. Moreover, we derive closed-form expressions
for the probabilities of detection and false alarm and the area under the receiver
operating characteristic curve (AUC) for additive white Gaussian and Nakagami-m fading
channels. Our work proposes a new diversity concept of p-order-law combining and
p-order-law selecting schemes to combat the adverse effect of residual hardware impairments.
Thirdly, our study develops an analytical framework for analog beamforming deviceto-
device mmWave communication constrained by residual hardware impairments and
other random impairments such as multi-user interference, inter-beam radio frequency
(RF) power leakage, and imperfect channel state information (CSI). We perform in-depth
outage probability and ergodic capacity analysis for the proposed system model.
Finally, we propose to implement a maximum sub-array transmission (MST) scheme
built on a hybrid beamforming structure that enables multi-user communication and high
outage probability and ergodic capacity performance. The MST diversity suffers from RF
power leakage and transceiver distortion noise that are addressed in this work.
The hardware impaired communication systems transmit at considerably lower rates
than the ideal ones, and, therefore, our research emphasizes the importance of residual
distortion modeling.
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/5277
Cognitive radio
CR
millimeter wave
mmWave
ED
energy detector
AUC
channel state information
CSI
maximum sub-array transmission
MST
Research Subject Categories::TECHNOLOGY
PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF FUTURE COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS UNDER RESIDUAL HARDWARE IMPAIRMENTS
oai:nur.nu.edu.kz:123456789/52782021-02-05T07:52:45Zcom_123456789_79com_123456789_67col_123456789_822
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Manglayev, Talgat
author
2020-05
Multiple access (MA) schemes in cellular systems aim to provide high throughput to multiple
users simultaneously while utilising the network resources efficiently. Traditionally,
each user in the network is assigned a fraction of resources (such as slots in time or frequency)
to operate so that multi-user interference is avoided. These schemes are named
as ‘orthogonal multiple access’ (OMA) and are the basis of most cellular standards – from
the earliest first generation up to the current fourth-generation systems. Non-orthogonal
multiple access (NOMA) on the other hand is a novel method that allows all the users in
the network to operate in the entire available spectrum at the same time which enables
significant improvement in the system throughput.
While providing increased throughput, NOMA requires high computational power in
order to implement sophisticated interference cancellation algorithms at each user terminal,
as well as power allocation schemes at the base station. As a potential candidate
for the fifth-generation networks (5G), NOMA must meet certain requirements, and computational
efficiency is essential for reduced latency. Recently graphics processing units
(GPUs), which were initially intended for outputting images to display, appeared as an
alternative to multi-core central processing units (CPUs) for general-purpose computing.
GPUs have thousands of cores with approximately three times less frequency than a CPU
core. With their numerous advantages in executing heavy and time-consuming computations
in parallel, GPUs have become attractive platforms in a variety of fields.
The overall aim of this research is to significantly increase the scientific understanding
and technical knowledge on NOMA. This is achieved by exploring and developing novel
methods, models, designs and techniques that will facilitate the implementation of NOMA
for future generation networks. First, the achievable data rates for individual users are demonstrated in a successful
interference cancellation (SIC) based NOMA network. These results were compared
against the conventional orthogonal MA schemes with optimum power allocation and
varying fairness. In addition, a further investigation was carried out into the deficiency
of SIC receivers which can occur when a user in the networks attempts to decode other
users’ signal. Presented in the analysis is the findings from the experimental process
where the decoding order of a user with a mismatched signal was observed as well as the
significant impact on the computation time. The decoding time-difference between correct
and mismatched decoding order as a detection method of deficiency or fraudulence
in the network is then discussed. Next, a comparison is presented between the computational
times of the SIC receiver with another popular interference cancellation scheme
named ‘parallel interference cancellation’ (PIC). This was done using different platforms
specifically for an uplink NOMA system. The results showed that the computation time
of PIC scheme is significantly lower than SIC on the GPU platform even for a very large
number of available users in the network. Then, the execution time of NOMA with SIC
in the uplink of a cellular network with user clustering was examined. User clustering is
a popular method in NOMA networks that eases the sophisticated resource allocation and
network management issues. While most works found in the literature review concentrate
on the joint optimisation of user grouping and resources, this research project focused
on processing the signal detection of each cluster in parallel on the GPU platform at the
base station. Following this, parallel interference cancellation (PIC) was implemented
and compared with the existing SIC on both CPU and GPU platforms for uplink NOMAOFDM.
Architectures of the receivers were modified to fit into parallel processing. GPU
was found applicable to speed up computations in NOMA based next-generation cellular
networks outperforming up to 220 times SIC on CPU. Finally, the research presents
the power allocation problem from artificial intelligence (AI) perspective and propose a
method to predict the power allocation coefficients in a downlink NOMA system. The
results of the research show a close-to-optimal sum rate with about 120 times reduced computation time. The achieved results decreases the network latency and assist NOMA
to meet 5G requirements.
http://nur.nu.edu.kz/handle/123456789/5278
artificial intelligence
AI
CPU
GPU
parallel interference cancellation
PIC
successful interference cancellation
SIC
fifth-generation networks
5G
Multiple access
MA
multi-core central processing units
graphics processing units
Research Subject Categories::TECHNOLOGY
RECEIVER ARCHITECTURES AND ALGORITHMS FOR NON-ORTHOGONAL MULTIPLE ACCESS
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